Trilogy on Computing Maximal Eigenpair

The eigenpair here means the twins consist of eigenvalue and its eigenvector. This paper introduces the three steps of our study on computing the maximal eigenpair. In the first two steps, we construct efficient initials for a known but dangerous algorithm, first for tridiagonal matrices and then for irreducible matrices, having nonnegative off-diagonal elements. In the third step, we present two global algorithms which are still efficient and work well for a quite large class of matrices, even complex for instance.Comment: Updated versio

EEG signals analysis using multiscale entropy for depth of anesthesia monitoring during surgery through artificial neural networks

In order to build a reliable index to monitor the depth of anesthesia (DOA), many algorithms have been proposed in recent years, one of which is sample entropy (SampEn), a commonly used and important tool to measure the regularity of data series. However, SampEn only estimates the complexity of signals on one time scale. In this study, a new approach is introduced using multiscale entropy (MSE) considering the structure information over different time scales. The entropy values over different time scales calculated through MSE are applied as the input data to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model using bispectral index (BIS) or expert assessment of conscious level (EACL) as the target. To test the performance of the new index's sensitivity to artifacts, we compared the results before and after filtration by multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). The new approach via ANN is utilized in real EEG signals collected from 26 patients before and after filtering by MEMD, respectively; the results show that is a higher correlation between index from the proposed approach and the gold standard compared with SampEn. Moreover, the proposed approach is more structurally robust to noise and artifacts which indicates that it can be used for monitoring the DOA more accurately.This research was financially supported by the Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Taiwan, which is sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant no. MOST103-2911-I-008-001). Also, it was supported by National Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology in Taiwan (Grant nos. CSIST-095-V301 and CSIST-095-V302) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 51475342)

Investigating properties of the cardiovascular system using innovative analysis algorithms based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited - Copyright @ 2012 Jia-Rong Yeh et al.Cardiovascular system is known to be nonlinear and nonstationary. Traditional linear assessments algorithms of arterial stiffness and systemic resistance of cardiac system accompany the problem of nonstationary or inconvenience in practical applications. In this pilot study, two new assessment methods were developed: the first is ensemble empirical mode decomposition based reflection index (EEMD-RI) while the second is based on the phase shift between ECG and BP on cardiac oscillation. Both methods utilise the EEMD algorithm which is suitable for nonlinear and nonstationary systems. These methods were used to investigate the properties of arterial stiffness and systemic resistance for a pig's cardiovascular system via ECG and blood pressure (BP). This experiment simulated a sequence of continuous changes of blood pressure arising from steady condition to high blood pressure by clamping the artery and an inverse by relaxing the artery. As a hypothesis, the arterial stiffness and systemic resistance should vary with the blood pressure due to clamping and relaxing the artery. The results show statistically significant correlations between BP, EEMD-based RI, and the phase shift between ECG and BP on cardiac oscillation. The two assessments results demonstrate the merits of the EEMD for signal analysis.This work is supported by the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan (Grant number NSC 99-2221-E-155-046-MY3), Centre for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Taiwan which is sponsored by National Science Council (Grant number: NSC 100–2911-I-008-001) and the Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology in Taiwan (Grant numbers: CSIST-095-V101 and CSIST-095-V102)

Strontium isotope stratigraphy in the Late Cretaceous: Numerical calibration of the Sr isotope curve and intercontinental correlation for the campanian

The white Chalk exposed in quarries at Lagerdorf and Kronsmoor, northwestern Germany, provides a standard section for the European Upper Cretaceous. The Sr-87/Sr-86 values of nannofossil chalk and belemnite calcite increase upward through 330 m of section, from less than or equal to 0.70746 in the Upper Santonian to greater than or equal to 0.70777 in the Lower Maastrichtian. The data define three linear trends separated by major points of inflection at stratigraphic heights in the section of 162 m (75.5 Ma) in the Upper Campanian Galerites vulgaris zone and at -6 m (82.9 Ma), just above the base of the Campanian in the Inoceramus lingua/Goniateuthis quadrata zone. The temporal rate of change of Sr-87/Sr-86 was constant through each of the linear segments of our isotope ''curve'' when viewed at the resolution of our average sampling interval (0.15 m.y.). Fine structure, if rear, may record brief (<100 kyr) excursions of (SrSr)-Sr-87-Sr-86 from values expected from the overall trends. In Lagerdorf, the boundary between the Santonian and Campanian stages, taken here as the level of first occurrence of the belemnite Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata, has an Sr-87/Sr-86 Of 0.707473 +/- 5. This is within error of the values of 0.707457 +/- 16 for this boundary in the U.S. western interior (base of the Scaphites leei III zone) and 0.707479 +/- 9 for this boundary in the English Chalk (top of the Marsupites testudinarius zone). In Kronsmoor, the boundary between the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages, taken here as the level of first occurrence of the belemnite Belemnella lanceolata, has an Sr-87/Sr-86 of 0.707723 +/- 4. This is within error of the values of 0.707725 +/- 20 for this boundary in the U.S. western interior (base of the Baculites eliasi zone) and 0.707728 +/- 5 for this boundary in the English Chalk (defined as in Germany)

Evolutionary game of coalition building under external pressure

We study the fragmentation-coagulation (or merging and splitting) evolutionary control model as introduced recently by one of the authors, where $N$ small players can form coalitions to resist to the pressure exerted by the principal. It is a Markov chain in continuous time and the players have a common reward to optimize. We study the behavior as $N$ grows and show that the problem converges to a (one player) deterministic optimization problem in continuous time, in the infinite dimensional state space

Neoproterozoic Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions from the Fanjingshan Region, South China: Implications for Subduction-Related Magmatism in the Jiangnan Fold Belt

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Sonomyography : monitoring morphological changes of forearm muscles in actions with the feasibility for the control of powered prosthesis

Author name used in this publication: Y. P. ZhengAuthor name used in this publication: M. M. Fa. ChanAuthor name used in this publication: J. ShiAuthor name used in this publication: X. ChenAuthor name used in this publication: Q. H. Huang2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Sharp estimates on the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian with negative Ricci lower bound

We complete the picture of sharp eigenvalue estimates for the p-Laplacian on a compact manifold by providing sharp estimates on the first nonzero eigenvalue of the nonlinear operator $\Delta_p$ when the Ricci curvature is bounded from below by a negative constant. We assume that the boundary of the manifold is convex, and put Neumann boundary conditions on it. The proof is based on a refined gradient comparison technique and a careful analysis of the underlying model spaces.Comment: Sign mistake fixed in the proof of the gradient comparison theorem (theorem 5.1 pag 10), and some minor improvements aroun

The spectral variability of FSRQs

The optical variability of 29 flat spectrum radio quasars in SDSS Stripe 82 region are investigated by using DR7 released multi-epoch data. All FSRQs show variations with overall amplitude ranging from 0.24 mag to 3.46 mag in different sources. About half of FSRQs show a bluer-when-brighter trend, which is commonly observed for blazars. However, only one source shows a redder-when-brighter trend, which implies it is rare in FSRQs. In this source, the thermal emission may likely be responsible for the spectral behavior.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, as a proceeding paper of the conference "Multiwavelength Variability of Blazars", Guangzhou, China, September 22-24, 201

Impact of melamine-tainted milk on foetal kidneys and disease development later in life

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