EFFECT OF DURUM WHEAT BRAN ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS.

Introduction: Durum wheat bran is obtained from wheat milling, it’s considered as an excellent source of insoluble dietary fibre. Objective. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of wheat bran (WB)  on glucose and lipid metabolism in normal and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four female rats of "Wistar" were divided into four groups each containing six rats. The first group (NCR) was fed by a control diet while the second group (NCRE) was fed by the experimental diet based on durum wheat bran. For the third and fourth group after streptozotocin (STZ) injection, they were fed by a control diet (DCR) and experimental diet (DRE) respectively. The Blood Glucose (g/L) and weight (g) of these groups was measured at the end of each week for a period of four weeks, the serum lipid parameters in the fasting condition, such as TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were evaluated at the end of the experience. Results. WB was high in dietary fibre (41%). The results show a significant decrease in blood glucose ( p<0.04)  and body weight ( p<0.05 ) in DRE group compared to DCR group  and non-diabetic groups. No significant difference was observed for cholesterol and triglyceride levels, a difference of p<0.05 for HDL-C was observed between the diabetic experimental diet group and the non-diabetic control diet group. For LDL-C, the difference was observed between the diabetic experimental group and the non-diabetic experimental group (p<0.001). Conclusion Our results indicated that WB exerting a glycemic and a serum lipid regulation effect in experimental diabetic rats

Epidemiological Approach and Precocious Diagnosis of Precancerous Cervical Lesion in Sidi Bel Abbes Region (North-West of Algeria)

Object: Cervical cancer of the uterine (CCU) is the first cancer of the genital tract. In Algeria, this cancer remains a real public health problem. The diagnosis is still done often with advanced stages which makes the therapeutic results modest and the cost of the high care. Methodology: Our study aims to elucidate the reality of this type of pathology in the region of Sidi Bel Abbes, northwestern Algeria. This retrospective and descriptive study was devoted to the epidemiological and clinical analysis of cervical cancer cases over a period of 3 years. Results: This study shows that out of a total of 500 smears recorded between (2014-2016) at the Ana-pathology laboratory level in Sidi Bel Abbes, we found that 230 smears presented precancerous lesions according to a cytological study, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US: were 18%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were 20%, while high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were 8%. The results obtained according to the distribution of the patients in relation to the various factors: the most affected age group is late 46-55 years with a total of 40%; precocious age of 1st report 18-20 years is (38.2%); gestation 4-5 pregnancies and parities 4-5 children with a rate of (38.70% and 32.6%) respectively ; the hormonal state in genital activity is estimated at 62.2%; patients on oral contraception (OC) have a rate of 48.9%. Finally, more than half of the patients (57.8%), were able to have a biopsy within three to four months of the last smear. In histology, the presence of a HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) low grade lesion does not predict the evolution of this lesion. Conclusion: HPV can be oncogenic or non-oncogenic. it is the oncogenic HPV infection that is the main risk factor for developing a high grade lesion  and cervical cancers outside the associated cofactors. Keywords: Pap Smear, Precancerous lesion, Cancer, Cervix, Screenin

Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its multiple therapeutic and preventive properties. However, insufficient data are available about its toxicity. Materials and methods: dandelion roots total extract vas prepared by maceration for 24 hours and its toxicity was then assessed on 30 WISTAR male rats divided into four experimental groups receiving the extract at different rates, and one control group treated with the vehicle. Changes in renal, hepatic, lipid, and hematological parameters as well as signs of acute toxicity were noted during 15 days after the one dose extract administration. Results and discussion: The obtained results reveal a very significant (p<0.01) disruption of transaminases but not renal, lipid and hematological parameters. The acute toxicity study demonstrated that dendelion roots extract has low intraperitoneal toxicity with a LD50 ranged between 500 and 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Dandelion's richness in secondary metabolites and its low in vivo toxicity make it a good candidate as a source of drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Keywords: Dandelion, Acute toxicity, LD50, Transaminases, lipids, hematolog

Bioactive Compounds in the Peripheral Layers of Barley and Triticale Species in the Mature Grain Cultivated in Algeria

The present study designed to determine in compositions of peripheral layer (PL) from barley and triticale. The peripheral layer is a co-product of the grain mill, it represents with the flour and the germ one of the three fractions of the milling, it is used for the chemical protection of the endosperm and the germ. Phytochemicals (phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals) are beneficial for the health of consumers and are found abundantly in the peripheral layer of cereals. The objective of our work consists an evaluation of the phytochemical value for peripheral layers, the evaluation of the antioxidant content and the antioxidant activity of two varieties of two species of cereal in mature grain: triticale (Ksar Sbahi, Beni Haroun) and barley (Fouara, Saida); from two different regions (Sidi Bel Abbes and Constantine). Finally a comparative study was found in this work. The results obtained show that the variety of each species Triticale (Ksar Sbahi), barley (Fouara) have the highest content of polyphenol and flavonoid (0.027 mg (EAG)/g; 0.019 mg EC/g) and (0.012 mg (EAG)/g; 0.013 mg EC/g), respectively, for the antioxidant activity barley Fouara 1.91 mg/ml shows the best activity against the DPPH radical, a high level of minerals has been observed for the triticale species and a higher level of sodium for the Fouara variety of barley 33.78 mg/l. We are planning additional studies to better characterize the nature of the polyphenolic compounds existing in different histological parts of the wheat grain. Keywords: Barley, Triticale, Peripheral layer, Polyphenols, Antioxidant activity

Research of the Causes and Risk Factors of Autism in the Western Region of Algeria

Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before 3 years old and affects many areas, communication, social interactions and behaviors. In Algeria, there has not yet been a regional or national epidemiological investigation concerning autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods: Our study was carried about 100 patients ( autistic children) in the western region of Algeria, in order to determine the differents risk factors involved in the onset of autism syndrome. Results and discussion: The obtained results indicate a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4: 1 and the degree of reached is average in 44% of patients. 42% of the patients are youngsters. Parents' worry about their children begins  between 24 and 36 months. The parents' advanced age at conception, stress, presence of certain pathologies and drug intake by mothers, as well as fetal distress at birth and children's exposure to screens were the main risk factors. Repetitive movements, lack of social communication, language delay, and lack of visual fixation were the main clinical symptomatology. Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect the main factors associated with the onset of autism. However, the results obtained cannot be generalized to the entire population. Keywords: Autism, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, clinical symptoms, western region of Algeria

INHIBITION DE L’OXYDATION DE L’HUILE DE TOURNESOL PRODUITE EN ALGERIE PAR LES PRODUITS DE MAILLARD

Depuis sa mise en évidence, la réaction de Maillard a été utilisée depuis de très nombreuses années pour produire des aliments qui paraissent attractifs pour les consommateurs ; elle peut conduire à la formation de couleur, favoriser la formation de flaveurs agréables ou bien devenir rance et produire de composés antioxydants ou de composés toxiques. L’objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser les produits de Maillard, d’étudier le pouvoir antioxydant de ses produits dans la lutte contre l’oxydation des lipides dans l’huile de Tournesol, de contrôler l’évolution de l’oxydation produite lors de stockage et finalement de comparer l’effet des produits de synthèse obtenus par l’effet antioxydant de l’acide citrique. Pour ce, on a comparé l’effet protecteur de l’acide citrique et les produits de la réaction de Maillard, issus des solutions aqueuses Glucose/AC Aminé chauffées dans différentes conditions de température, de la durée et de la concentration des solutions. Le développement de la réaction de Maillard est évalué par spectrophotométrie à 420 nm. Nous avons remarqué que plus la couleur est importante et plus intense, plus la réaction est avancée. L’analyse de l’acidité et l’indice de peroxyde, nous a permis d’évaluer l’oxydation des lipides de l’huile additionnée de différents modèles de produits de Maillard. L’oxydation des lipides évolue différemment en fonction des couples Glucose/acide aminé (Substrats de Maillard), dont certains possèdent une activité antioxydante vis-à-vis des lipides dans les huiles végétales. Ainsi, le traitement appliqué à l'huile de tournesol, a provoqué une détérioration de haut niveau avec développement de la rancidité oxydante et ce qui met en relief l’avantage que peuvent présenter les produits de Maillard et élucident leur potentiel antioxydant. Des pertes significatives dans l'acide gras essentiel étaient également évidentes dans l'huile de tournesol soumise à un traitement thermique

Proteomic Comparison of the Aleurone Layer in Triticum Aestivum and Triticum Monococcum Wheat Varieties

International audienceThe aleurone layer (AL) is an inner tissue of the wheat grain. It contains micronutrients, vitamins, antioxidants and fibre, and can greatly increase the nutritional quality of flour if it is not removed from the kernel with the bran. The AL of mature kernels of three varieties of the two major cultivated wheat species T. aestivum (genome A, B and D) and T. monococcum (genome A) were manually dissected and analyzed using two-dimensional gel-based proteomics. In T. monococcum although composed of only genome A, the maximum number of Coomassie stained AL spots was close to the number found in the bread wheat varieties (1320 and 1258, respectively). Inter-variety variation in spots was higher in the three T. monococcum varieties (103 spots) than in the three T. aestivum varieties (79 spots). Comparison of the two species revealed that only 88 spots differed significantly either in abundance or presence/absence. The B and D genome did not drastically modify the AL proteome, as demonstrated by the fact that 93% of the spots present in T. Monococcum AL spots were also present in T. aestivum. Proteins which differed within and between species were identified using MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS Mass Spectrometry. Among the 182 spots that differed, 115 were identified, 53 differed between the two species and 44 (83%) were globulin (Glo) storage proteins. The remarkable environmental stability of the AL proteome previously observed in T. durum and T. aestivum species was confirmed in the variety T. monococcum DV92, grown for two consecutive years in field conditions. Only 15 proteins (out of 1320 AL spots) exhibited significant quantitative variations

Protéomique de la couche à aleurone en grain mature de Triticum spelta et de trois espèces apparentées aux blés

International audienceBackground : A proteomics approach was used to reveal major protein differences in the aleurone layer (AL) of mature grain between four wheat species: T. aestivum and T. spelta (6X), T. durum (4X), and T. monococum (2X).Materiel and methods: In each species, one representative cultivar was used for total AL protein extraction. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of AL proteins revealed 1380, 1355, 1120 and 973 Coomassie stained spots, respectively.Result: A total of 334 spots showed quantitative or qualitative (presence/absence) differences between the four cultivars. T. aestivum and T. spelta had 90.9% and 92.6% of their AL proteome respectively, identical to the other species. Only 25 spots were significantly different between the two hexaploid cultivars. AL proteins encoded by the A genome were mainly expressed in polyploid species. Percentages of proteins encoded by A genome was 85%, in tetraploid species and 70% in the hexaploid spelt. Eighty for proteins are identified by mass spectrometry and data mining and were classified in five bbiological processes and (12) functional categories.Conclusion: The major differences between species were particularly due to storage globulins (22, 11 and 1 of Glo-3, Glo-3B, Glo-3C, respectively), stress related proteins including antioxidant proteins like 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and manganese superoxide dismutase, defence proteins like xylanase, serpin3 and heat shock proteins.Contexte: Une approche protéomique a été utilisée pour mettre en évidence des différences protéiques majeures dans la couche d'aleurone (CA) en grains mature entre quatre espèces de blé: T. aestivum et T. spelta (6X), T. durum (4X) et T. monococum ( 2X).Matériel et méthodes: Dans chaque espèce, un cultivar représentatif a été utilisé pour l'extraction de la protéine CA totale. L'électrophorèse bidimensionnelle des protéines des CA a révélé 1380, 1355, 1120 et 973 spots colorées au Coomassie, respectivement.Résultat: Un total de 334 spots ont montré des différences quantitatives ou qualitatives (présence / absence) entre les quatre cultivars. T. aestivum et T. spelta avaient respectivement 90,9% et 92,6% de leur protéome CA, identiques aux autres espèces. Seulement 25 spots étaient significativement différents entre les deux cultivars hexaploïdes. Les protéines de la CA codées par le génome A étaient principalement exprimées dans des espèces polyploïdes. Les pourcentages de protéines codées par le génome A étaient de 85% chez les espèces tétraploïdes et de 70% dans l' hexaploïde. Quatre-vingts pour les protéines sont identifiées par spectrométrie de masse et extraction de données et ont été classées en cinq processus biologiques et (12) catégories fonctionnelles.Conclusion: Les principales différences entre les espèces étaient dues en particulier aux globulines de stockage (22, 11 et 1 de Glo-3, Glo-3B, Glo-3C, respectivement), à des protéines liées au stress, notamment des protéines antioxydantes telles que la peroxyrédoxine 1-Cys et la superoxyde dismutase de manganèse , protéines de défense telles que la xylanase, le serpin3 et les protéines de choc thermique

Proteomic analysis of the mature kernel aleurone layer in common and durum wheat

International audienceThe aleurone layer (AL) is one of inner tissues removed from the grain with the wheat bran. It is the main source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants of potential nutritional value in the wheat kernel. The AL of three varieties of each of the two main species of wheat, Triticum aestivum (ABD) and Triticum durum (AB), were manually dissected and analysed using two-dimensional gel-based proteomics. A total of 1258 and 1109 Coomassie-stained spots were detected in the AL of representatives of the ABD and AB genomes. In two varieties (T aestivum Chinese Spring and T durum Bidi17), grown in two different years with full fungicide protection, no quantitative or qualitative (presence/absence) differences in spots were detected, suggesting that AL proteome is strongly genetically controlled. Comparison within and between species revealed a total of 339 AL significant protein spots. Among these spots, 30.8% differed within T. aestivum and 56.5% within T durum varieties, whereas only 12.7% differed between the two species. Among the 142 AL proteins identified using MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS, 57% were globulin type storage proteins (Glo-3, Glo-3B, Glo-3C, Glo-2), 16.2% were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and 17.6% in defence/stress pathways. These variations in AL proteome are discussed

Ethnobotanical survey on dandelion use in the western region of Algeria

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible and medicinal plant. We use the leaves, flowers and roots. The objective of this study is to show interest in the use of dandelion as a natural remedy in the primary treatment of serval pathologies. Methods : An ethnobotanical survey of 1000 people in the western region of Algeria was conducted using a questionnaire. Results: the obtained results from this study show that 60% of the population questioned prefer traditional medicine the majority of them use the plant in the medical field whose leaves and roots are most used. Infusion and maceration are the most usable methods for the preparation of the plant and administration is exclusively oral. Most users testify that the plant has significant efficacy with a percentage of 61%. Conclusion :All this information constitutes a database to perform other research in vivo or in vitro to value this planton the therapeutic level. Keywords : Taraxacum Officinale, traditional medicine, leaves, ethnobotanical study