Channel Model of Molecular Communication via Diffusion in a Vessel-like Environment Considering a Partially Covering Receiver

By considering potential health problems that a fully covering receiver may cause in vessel-like environments, the implementation of a partially covering receiver is needed. To this end, distribution of hitting location of messenger molecules (MM) is analyzed within the context of molecular communication via diffusion with the aim of channel modeling. The distribution of these MMs for a fully covering receiver is analyzed in two parts: angular and radial dimensions. For the angular distribution analysis, the receiver is divided into 180 slices to analyze the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of these slices. For the axial distance distribution analysis, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test is applied for different significance levels. Also, two different implementations of the reflection from the vessel surface (i.e., rollback and elastic reflection) are compared and mathematical representation of elastic reflection is given. The results show that MMs have tendency to spread uniformly beyond a certain ratio of the distance to the vessel radius. By utilizing the uniformity, we propose a channel model for the partially covering receiver in vessel-like environments and validate the proposed model by simulations

Neck Masses: Retrospective Analysis of 420 Cases

To investigate the diagnostic distribution of the neck masses who surgically treated in our clinic and also discuss the clinical presentation and histological finding of these pathologies.Between 1992-2004, 420 patients (152 females, 268 males) with neck masses (aged between 3 to 77 years, mean 35.7) who diagnosed and treated at the Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, were reviewed noting age, sex, clinical presentation and histological finding. Of the 420 patients, 189 (45%) classified as inflammatory masses, 187 (44.5%) as neoplastic neck masses, and 44 (10.4) as congenital neck masses. The mean age was 29.21±16.32 in patients with inflammatory neck masses, 12.44±4.618 in congenital neck masses. In the neoplastic neck masses group the mean age was 36.5±11.66 in benign lesions, however, it was 48.44±20.14 in malignant lesions.In our study, inflammatory lesions were the most common pathologies in the etiology of the neck masses. This finding is consistent with some studies in our country previously reported; however, in this group the incidence of some diseases seems to be different. Especially the high incidence of tuberculosis suggests the similar reports which the increase of this disease has been observed

Bionator ve Forsus uygulanan hastalarda dentofasiyal değişimlerin incelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Sınıf II div 1 vakalarda uygulanan Bionator (B) ve Forsus (F) apareylerinin dentofasiyal sisteme olan etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mandibular retrognatiye sahip ve pubertal gelişim dönemindeki 40 hasta iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1'e Bionator apareyi (15 kadın, 5 erkek), Grup 2'ye Forsus apareyi (9 kadın, 11 erkek) uygulandı. Her iki grupta da fonksiyonel aparey kullanımından önce ve sonra sefalometrik filmler alındı. Tedavi uygulanmayan mandibular retrognatiye sahip 20 hastanın sefalometrik kayıtları kontrol grubunun oluşturulmasında kullanıldı. Sefalometrik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ANOVA ve Tukey HSD post-hoc testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Bionator ve Forsus kullanımı sonucunda SNA açısında azalma bulundu. Forsus grubundaki azalma anlamlı düzeyde bulundu. Her iki grupta da SNB açısında anlamlı bir artış ve ANB açısında anlamlı bir azalma bulunmuştur (

Comparison of the Radiopacities of Different Root-End Filling and Repair Materials

This study evaluated the radiopacity of 3 repair materials, Biodentine, MM-MTA, and MTA Angelus. Standardized cylindrical rings were prepared. Samples of Biodentine MM-MTA and MTA Angelus were prepared ( in each group), filled into the rings, and preserved at 37°C until setting. A 1 mm thick dentin slice was used as control. All set specimens were removed and radiographed along with the dentine slice and a graduated aluminium step wedge. Digital images were transferred to the computer using a software. The radiographic densities of the specimens were determined, and the values were converted into millimetres of aluminium (mm Al). One-way ANOVA was used for intergroup comparison, whereas Tukey HSD test was used for detecting the group with the difference. The mean radiopacities of Biodentine, MTA Angelus, and MM-MTA were 2.8 ± 0.48, 4.72 ± 0.45, and 5.18 ± 0.51 mm Al, respectively. The radiopacity of Biodentine was significantly lower compared to other materials (), whereas no significant difference was noted between MTA Angelus and MM-MTA (). All materials had significantly higher radiopacities compared to dentine. The relatively lower radiopacity of Biodentine can be improved to achieve more reliable results in procedures such as retrograde fillings

Bonesetter choice of Turkish society in musculoskeletal injuries and the affecting factors

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the demographic features, administration reasons and educational status of the patients who were presented to the bonesetters for orthopedic complaints. Methods: 96 (26 males, 70 females) patients were included in this study, who filled a questionnaire out of 1926 patients went to bonesetters between June and December 2012. All the patients were recorded regarding demographic features, first application places, educational status, administration reasons, and complication rates. Results: 87 patients (90.6%) preferred bonesetters as the first application place. The mean age of the patients was 31±16.1 years. The most common reason was advices of the family members or relatives (40.6%). The educational status was not significant in administration rate, but low educational status has significant correlation with more complication rates. Sixteen patients developed sequels (16.6%). The effect of bonesetters’ treatment was mostly found to be placebo. Conclusion: Bonesetter is a country reality when prevalence was taken in notice. However, the similarity of their results to placebo ones, having no education, having no legal rights, paying no tax make this issue a great problem. The solution of this problem is depended to increase health programs to inform public and to increase government superintension. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 472-44

A new observation on abnormal development in benthic foraminifers: Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) - Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll) togetherness

Se ha investigado la agrupación de foraminíferos alrededor de unsurgimiento submarino en la bahía de Ilica, (Çeşme, Esmirna). Seobservó una fauna rica de foraminíferos, dominada por Peneróli-dos. Los individuos con morfología anormal fueron comunes en 8géneros y 11 especies de Penerólidos. Se observó por primera vezla unión de Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) y Peneroplis planatus(Fichtel and Moll)

Morphological Anomalies Observed on Vertebralina striata dOrbigny, 1826 Test in the Northern Coast of Karaburun Peninsula (Izmir-Turkey)

Morphological abnormalities have been observed on the test of recent foraminifer samples and locally different ecological conditions, such as, hypersalinity, presence of heavy metals and thermal springs are suggested to be the cause of this phenomenon. Abnormal test development, as well as twins and triplets are commonly observed in natural and artificial saltpans which form hypersaline environments. Submarine freshwater springs can cause extreme seasonal salinity variations on the coastal regions which affects the benthic foraminifer species and results in the abnormal test development. Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny individuals with abnormal aperture morphology have been found in samples collected around the thermal springs in Çeşme-Ilıca Bay. More surprisingly, specimens with similar aperture abnormality have also been observed in samples collected from other two stations on the Karaburun Peninsula. Five of the abnormal specimens had two apertures the others had three. A specimen collected from Ilıca Bay had two apertures, one of which is the typical Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny aperture, but the other was distantly located and rounded. Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny is widely distributed in world's seas, however such aperture abnormalities has not been reported elsewhere. Observation of similar morphological abnormalities in three distinct locations suggests a common cause. The submarine spring found in Ilıca Bay supports the idea that spring waters affect the chemical composition of the seawater locally, leading to this aperture abnormality

Middle Ear Pressure and Factors Affecting It in Intubated Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care

Objective:To assess the probable agents affecting middle ear pressure in intubated patients hospitalized in intensive care units with various diagnoses.Methods:Middle ear pressure of 38 patients hospitalized in intensive care units within our faculty hospital was measured using portable tympanograms and acoustic reflectometry. The mode of the device to which each patient was attached and patients’ blood pressure, Glasgow Coma Score, and additional disease parameters other than admission diagnosis were recorded. All data collected were subjected to statistical analysis to determine whether or not they affected middle ear pressure.Results:Septal deviation, survey, and mode of automatic respiratory device emerged as factors affecting middle ear pressure (odds coefficient 4.796, 3.745, 2.557, respectively, with 95% CI). Although aged over 60, additional disease and nasogastric tube also compromised middle ear pressure; the levels involved were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Middle ear pressure in patients hospitalized in intensive care units may change, particularly after the seventh day. This may particularly involve septal deviation, survey, and mode of automatic respiratory device, and tympanograms and reflectometry may be added to the patient-monitoring protocol in terms of changes in middle ear pressure

Transmitter localization in vessel-like diffusive channels using ring-shaped molecular receivers

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Molecular communication via diffusion in vessellike environment targets critical applications such as detection of abnormal and unhealthy cells. In this work, we derive the analytical formulation of the channel model for diffusion dominated movement, considering ring-shaped (i.e., patch) observing receivers and Poiseuille flow with the aim of localization of the transmitter cell. Then, we derive formulations using this channel model for two different application scenarios. We assume that the emission start time is known in the first scenario, and unknown in the second one. We successfully localize the transmitter cell using a single receiver for the first scenario, whereas two receivers are used to localize the transmitter cell in the second scenario. Lastly, the devised analytical framework is validated with simulations.Postprint (author's final draft