Application of the IMTA (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture) System in Freshwater, Brackish and Marine Aquaculture

Aquaculture activities that have been carried out intensively for several decades have made this sectorgrowrapidlycomparedtootherfoodsectors.However,intensiveactivitieshavenegativeimpacts, one of which is on the environment. To respond to these problems, aquaculture activities havenowfocusedonenvironmentallyfriendlyaquaculturebyimplementingvariousecosys-tem-based cultivation systems and improving aquaculture management based on the principle of sustainableaquaculture.TheIMTA(IntegratedMulti-trophicAquaculture)systemisacultivationsystem that uses species with different trophic levels to reuse wasted nutrients to be used as bio-mass. Currently, the IMTA system has begun to be developed in various countries in fresh, brackish, andmarinewatercultivationwithmultipleapproachesaccordingtoenvironmental,social,andeconomic conditions. This review study discusses different IMTA systems and their applications