24 research outputs found

    Teammitglied oder Werkzeug – Der Einfluss anthropomorpher Gestaltung in der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion

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    Die direkte Zusammenarbeit von Robotern und Menschen gewinnt in privaten, kommerziellen und industriellen Lebensbereichen stetig an Bedeutung. Dabei findet diese Form der Interaktion kooperativ oder kollaborativ unter gemeinsamer Zielsetzung in unmittelbarer räumlicher und zeitlicher Nähe statt. Eine Möglichkeit, die Zusammenarbeit intuitiver und effektiver zu gestalten, bietet die Anwendung anthropomorpher Merkmale auf das Design des Roboters. Doch auch wenn eine anthropomorphe Gestaltung, im Sinne von Form, Kommunikation, Bewegung und Kontext, die Akzeptanz und Koordination fördern kann, bilden sich im Zuge von vermenschlichten Interaktionen neue Herausforderungen. Neben dem Phänomen des „Uncanny Valleys“ und der Problematik des erwartungskonformen Designs, erzeugt vor allem das Spannungsfeld zwischen Funktionalität und Anthropomorphismus eine zentrale Problematik. Dabei zeigt sich in der differenzierten Analyse, dass letztendlich der Kontext der Interaktion entscheidet, inwieweit Anthropomorphismus eingesetzt werden kann, ohne dabei die Zweckgebundenheit des Roboters zu konterkarieren

    Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in MĂĽllerian co-mimics

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    Until recently, the study of negative and antagonistic interactions (for example, competition and predation) has dominated our understanding of community structure, maintenance and assembly. Nevertheless, a recent theoretical model suggests that positive interactions (for example, mutualisms) may counterbalance competition, facilitating long-term coexistence even among ecologically undifferentiated species. MĂĽllerian mimics are mutualists that share the costs of predator education and are therefore ideally suited for the investigation of positive and negative interactions in community dynamics. The sole empirical test of this model in a MĂĽllerian mimetic community supports the prediction that positive interactions outweigh the negative effects of spatial overlap (without quantifying resource acquisition). Understanding the role of trophic niche partitioning in facilitating the evolution and stability of MĂĽllerian mimetic communities is now of critical importance, but has yet to be formally investigated. Here we show that resource partitioning and phylogeny determine community structure and outweigh the positive effects of MĂĽllerian mimicry in a species-rich group of neotropical catfishes. From multiple, independent reproductively isolated allopatric communities displaying convergently evolved colour patterns, 92% consist of species that do not compete for resources. Significant differences in phylogenetically conserved traits (snout morphology and body size) were consistently linked to trait-specific resource acquisition. Thus, we report the first evidence, to our knowledge, that competition for trophic resources and phylogeny are pivotal factors in the stable evolution of MĂĽllerian mimicry rings. More generally, our work demonstrates that competition for resources is likely to have a dominant role in the structuring of communities that are simultaneously subject to the effects of both positive and negative interactions
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