Le contexte social, un des déterminants du comportement d'apprentissage dans les musées

Many research studies demonstrate that the museum visit is a social experience. This paper moves beyond that conclusion to demonstrate that visiting a museum as part of a social group adds not merely an enjoyable dimension to the visit, but is an intégral source of satisfaction which is brought to the museum and which in turn has an effect on learning. Four types of visitor group are defined - groups containing children, singletons or individuals by themselves, couples and adult social groups. It is concluded that the different types of interactive behaviours associated with different types of groups correspondingly lead to different types of engagement with and responses to exhibits. Exhibition designers, exhibition design and educational technology, it is argued, need to take cognisance of this.I1 existe de nombreuses études pour montrer que la visite au musée est une expérience sociale. Cet article montre que la visite en groupe ne fait pas qu'ajouter du plaisir à la visite, mais que ce mode de visite est constitutif de la satisfaction liée à la visite des musées et que par ailleurs elle favorise les apprentissages. Quatre types de groupes sont définis — des groupes comportant des enfants, des individus seuls, des couples, des groupes sociaux d'adultes. On note que les différents types d'interactions relevés dans ces groupes aboutissent à différents types d'appropriation des éléments d'exposition. Il est proposé que ce phénomène soit pris en compte dans la conception et la technologie éducative de l'exposition dans les musées.Existen numerosos estudios para mostrar que la visita al museo es una experiencia social. Este articulo muestra que la visita en grupo anade placer a la misma y que este modo de visita aporta tambien una satisfacción que favorece los aprendizajes. Se definen cuatro tipos de grupos : grupos de ninos, individuos solos, parejas, grupos sociales de adultos. Notamos que los diferentes tipos de interacciones constatadas en estos grupos conducen a diferentes tipos de apropiación de los elementos de exposición. Proponemos que este fenómeno sea tomado en cuenta en la concepción y la tecnologia educativa de la exposición en los museos.McManus Paulette M. Le contexte social, un des déterminants du comportement d'apprentissage dans les musées. In: Publics et Musées, n°5, 1994. L'interaction sociale au musée (sous la direction de David L. Uzzell) pp. 59-78

Seated Bilateral Leg Exercise Effects on Hemiparetic Lower Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke

BACKGROUND: Bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) improves hemiparetic upper extremity (UE) function in stroke. It is unknown whether a similar exercise for the hemiparetic lower extremity (LE) is effective. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to test whether the BATRAC strategy would transfer to the legs by improving LE motor function following ten 30-minute sessions of bilateral leg training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BLETRAC). METHODS: Twenty-four chronic stroke participants, recruited from the community, were randomized to either the BLETRAC or the BATRAC intervention. Assessments were performed before (week 0) and after (week 6) training as well as 3 months later (week 18). Change in the Fugl-Meyer LE and UE subscales served as primary outcomes. Timed 10-m walk, movement parameters during treadmill walking, and a repetitive aiming task for both feet and hands were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Following an intention-to-treat approach, data from 21 subjects were analyzed. After training, improvements in the Fugl-Meyer LE and UE subscales tended to be better for the corresponding intervention group. The BLETRAC group also showed increases in step length during treadmill walking and performance in the repetitive foot and hand aiming tasks. No differences between the intervention groups were found at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory trial demonstrates that transfer of the BATRAC approach to the legs is feasible. Transient improvements of limb motor function in chronic stroke participants were induced by targeted exercise (BATRAC for the UE and BLETRAC for the LE). It may be that further periods of training would increase and maintain effects