The short-term effect of high versus moderate protein intake on recovery after strength training in resistance-trained individuals

Background: Dietary protein intakes up to 2.9 g.kg-1.d-1 and protein consumption before and after resistance training may enhance recovery, resulting in hypertrophy and strength gains. However, it remains unclear whether protein quantity or nutrient timing is central to positive adaptations. This study investigated the effect of total dietary protein content, whilst controlling for protein timing, on recovery in resistance trainees. Methods: Fourteen resistance-trained individuals underwent two 10-day isocaloric dietary regimes with a protein content of 1.8 g.kg-1.d-1 (PROMOD) or 2.9 g.kg-1.d-1 (PROHIGH) in a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design. On days 8-10 (T1-T3), participants undertook resistance exercise under controlled conditions, performing 3 sets of squat, bench press and bent-over rows at 80% 1 repetition maximum until volitional exhaustion. Additionally, participants consumed a 0.4 g.kg-1 whey protein concentrate/isolate mix 30 minutes before and after exercise sessions to standardise protein timing specific to training. Recovery was assessed via daily repetition performance, muscle soreness, bioelectrical impedance phase angle, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results: No significant differences were reported between conditions for any of the performance repetition count variables (p>0.05). However, within PROMOD only, squat performance total repetition count was significantly lower at T3 (19.7 ± 6.8) compared to T1 (23.0 ± 7.5; p=0.006). Pre and post-exercise CK concentrations significantly increased across test days (p≤0.003), although no differences were reported between conditions. No differences for TNF-α or muscle soreness were reported between dietary conditions. Phase angle was significantly greater at T3 for PROHIGH (8.26 ± 0.82°) compared with PROMOD (8.08 ± 0.80°; p=0.012). Conclusions: When energy intake and peri-exercise protein intake was controlled for, a short term PROHIGH diet did not improve markers of muscle damage or soreness in comparison to a PROMOD approach following repeated days of intensive training. Whilst it is therefore likely that protein intakes (1.8g.kg-1.d-1) may be sufficient for resistance-trained individuals, it is noteworthy that both lower body exercise performance and bioelectrical phase angle were maintained with PROHIGH. Longer term interventions are warranted to determine whether PROMOD intakes are sufficient during prolonged training periods or when extensive exercise (e.g. training twice daily) is undertaken

Risco nutricional e complicações em obesos hospitalizados submetidos à cirurgia Nutritional risk and complications in hospitalized obese patient submitted to surgery

RACIONAL: Risco nutricional mede o potencial de morbimortalidade associado ao estado nutricional. A obesidade é um distúrbio nutricional cada vez mais presente em hospitais gerais e pode estar acompanhada de alteração nutricional com conseqüências prejudiciais à evolução clínica do doente, além de ser fator associado a complicações pós-operatórias e morte. OBJETIVO: Identificar o risco nutricional através da ferramenta de triagem nutricional Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool e verificar o desfecho de complicações pós-operatórias, buscando associação entre risco nutricional e obesidade. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 433 pacientes adultos hospitalizados em enfermarias cirúrgicas variadas, Na admissão hospitalar mediu-se peso e altura corpóreos. Aplicou-se a triagem nutricional após definição da obesidade pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea (Kg/m2) e classificação em grau I (30-34,99 Kg/m2); grau II (35-39,99 Kg/m2); grau III (±40,00 Kg/m²). Os pacientes foram seguidos até a alta hospitalar ou óbito para acompanhar sua evolução clínica. RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes avaliados, 17,1% foram obesos. O risco nutricional nos pacientes obesos foi 23%. Ocorreram complicações em pacientes das enfermarias cirúrgicas de esôfago, vias biliares, vascular, cabeça e pescoço. As complicações apresentadas incluíram infecções pulmonares, de parede abdominal e urinária, fístulas gastrintestinal, biliar e pancreática, insuficiência respiratória, atelectasia lobar, e sangramento pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Obesos hospitalizados podem apresentam risco nutricional sendo a obesidade grau I a mais freqüente entre eles em hospital geral. Houve associação positiva entre risco nutricional e freqüência de complicações justificando triagem nutricional na admissão hospitalar como rotina, incluindo pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade.<br>BACKGROUND: Nutritional risk measures the morbid-mortality potential associated to nutritional state. Obesity represents a nutritional disorder frequently in general hospital in nowadays and it may be associated with nutritional alteration, presenting prejudicial consequences to patient clinical outcome, besides being a factor related to postoperatory complications and death. AIM: To identify nutritional risk using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and verify the results from postoperatory complications, correlating nutritional risks and obesity. METHODS: Total of 433 adults patients hospitalized in general surgical ward were evaluated. At admission, patients were measured on body weight and height. Nutritional screening was applied after obesity definition using Body Mass Index as parameter (Kg/m²), classified in grade I (30-34,99 Kg/m²); grade II (35-39,99 Kg/m²); grade III (>40,00 Kg/m²). Follow-up patients were conducted until patient's discharge or eventual death. RESULTS: Among patients submitted to the study, 17,1% were considered obese. Nutritional risk in obese patients was verified in 23%. Complications presented during hospital staying were related to esophagus, biliary tract, vascular, head, and neck. Infections complications were pulmonary, abdominal wall, and urinary tract. Complications due to fistulas were located in gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and pancreas. Others complications consisted of respiratory insufficiency, lobar atelectasis, and postoperatory bleeding. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized obese patients might present nutritional risk, being obesity grade I the more frequently one in general hospital. Positive association between nutritional risk and complication frequency was verified in the present study, justifying by the nutritional screening at the hospital admission as routinely, including overweight and obese patients