December 2012 imaging case of the month

No abstract available. Article truncated after first page. Clinical History: A 35-year-old non-smoking man presented with a history of slowly progressive shortness of breath preceded by cough and wheezing, previously presumptively diagnosed with asthma. He had a previous history of ulcerative colitis and a +PPD for which he received 6 month INH therapy. Frontal and lateral chest radiography (Figure 1) was performed.Figure 1. Panel A: Frontal chest radiography. Panel B: Lateral chest radiography. Which of the following statements regarding the chest radiograph is accurate? 1.The radiograph shows a diffuse interstitial abnormality 2.The radiograph appears normal 3.The radiograph shows cystic lung disease 4.The radiograph a mediastinal contour abnormality 5.The radiograph shows abnormal lung volume

Pneumomediastinum from nasal insufflation of cocaine

Chest pain is a common presenting symptom of cocaine users to the emergency department that requires a thorough work up. Pneumomediastinum is an uncommon complication of cocaine abuse that occurs more commonly when cocaine is smoked, but can also occur when cocaine is nasally insufflated. Our case report presents a patient with pneumomediastinum secondary to cocaine insufflation and reviews the necessary diagnostic tests that must be performed to rule out secondary pneumomediastinum, a severe life-threatening condition. Our case is unique, as it is one of a few reported cases of pneumomediastinum occurring after the use of intranasal cocaine

First case of childhood Takayasu arteritis with renal artery aneurysms

Takayasu arteritis is a large vessel systemic granulomatous vasculitis characterized by stenosis or obliteration of large and medium sized arteries. It commonly involves elastic arteries such as the aorta and its main branches. Renal artery involvement is rare and has not been reported in a child. We report a 12-year-old boy with Takayasu arteritis who developed severe hypertension, proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and renal dysfunction. Conventional angiography demonstrated aneurysms of both renal arteries and multiple microaneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery. This case report illustrates that the children with Takayasu arteritis can develop renal involvement resulting in hematuria, proteinuria and even renal failure

Pulmonary cystic disease in HIV positive individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo: three case reports

Pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis in HIV seropositive patients has been described in the presence of injection drug use, malnutrition, repeated opportunistic infections, such as Pneumocytis jirovici pneumonia and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and has been linked to the presence of HIV virus in lung tissue. Given the high burden of pulmonary infections and malnutrition among people living with HIV in resource poor settings, these individuals may be at increased risk of developing pulmonary emphysema, potentially reducing the long term benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) if initiated late in the course of HIV infection

November 2012 imaging case of the month

No abstract available. Article truncated at end of first page. Clinical History: A 61-year-old non-smoking man presented with a history of dyspnea on exertion; fatigue; and worsening lower extremity edema. Frontal chest radiography (Figure 1) was performed.Figure 1. Frontal chest radiographyWhich of the following statements regarding the chest radiograph is most accurate?1.The frontal chest radiograph is normal 2.The frontal chest radiograph shows a diffuse linear; interstitial pattern3.The frontal chest radiograph shows multilobar consolidation4.The frontal chest radiograph shows numerous thin-walled cysts5.The frontal chest radiograph shows numerous small nodules consistent with a “miliary” pattern

October 2016 imaging case of the month

No abstract available. Article truncated after first page. Clinical History: A 35-year-old woman presented with a several month history of slowly worsening shortness of breath and dry cough. Laboratory data, include white blood cell count and serum chemistries were within normal limits. Oxygen saturation on room air was 99%. Frontal and lateral chest radiographs (Figure 1) were performed. Which of the following statements regarding the chest radiograph is most accurate? 1. Frontal and lateral chest radiography appears normal; 2. Frontal and lateral chest radiography shows abnormally diminished lung volumes; 3. Frontal and lateral chest radiography shows bilateral peribronchial and mediastinal lymph node enlargement; 4. Frontal and lateral chest radiography shows cardiomegaly; 5. Frontal and lateral chest radiography shows upper lobe bilateral linear and reticular abnormalities. ..