Assessment of the embryotoxic potential of contaminated sediments using fish embryotoxicity tests for the river Buriganga, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sediment samples from six different locations of Buriganga River following exposure to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs and larvae displayed prominent effects on both whole sediments and sediment organic extracts. The acute and sublethal effects during 96 h exposure period included (i) a significant (P<0.05) increase in morality and abnormalities in zebrafish eggs and embryos; (ii) a significant (P<0.05) reduction in hatching success and heart rate; (iii) increased frequency of helical tail and lordosis after 96 h exposure to sediment extracts; (iv) developmental delay and yolk sac edema after exposed to whole sediments at 96h exposure period. Chemical analysis showed the increaseds concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in downstream (S1, S2, and S3) compared to upstream (S4, S5, and S6), where some ions such as Cd and Cr exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency’s Threshold Effect Level (EPA TEL). The current study delineates the contamination of extremely toxic compounds in the sediment of Buriganga River, which may initiate toxic effects on the early life stages of fish. Therefore, integrating zebrafish embryo toxicity tests may be crucial for evaluating the sediment quality of polluted rivers

Pesticide Residues In Some Selected Pond Water Samples Of Meherpur Region Of Bangladesh

Water samples collected from some selected ponds of Meherpur region were studied for the presence of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to determine the concentration levels of those residues. The results obtained indicate slight contamination of some of the water samples with residues of diazinon, chlorpyriphos (organophosphorus insecticide) and carbofuran (carbamate insecticide). The residues level of diazinon and chlorpyriphos ranged from 0.033 to 0.079 ppm and 0.010 to 0.471 ppm respectively. Among carbamate pesticides, carbofuran identified in two samples ranged from 0.0143 to 0.0387 ppm, and carbaryl was not detected in any of the samples. Limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 ppm. However, the residue level was also within the acceptable ranges according to the WHO guideline value of water quality. But, the presence of such residues is indicative of weak regulatory control which is required to be in place for safety of the environment and to stop further aggravation of the situation. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 77-82, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i1.16036</jats:p

Pesticide Residues In Pond Water Samples From Coastal Area Of Bangladesh

Water samples collected from twenty five ponds of coastal area were analyzed by HPLC for the presence of organophosphorus, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticide residues. The results reflected slight contamination of some of the water samples with residues of diazinon, chlorpyriphos (organophosphorus insecticide), carbaryl and carbofuran (carbamate insecticide). The concentration of diazinon and chlorpyriphos ranged from 2.31 jig/L to 5.60 pg/L and 0.0 to 3.80 pg/L respectively. Among carbamate pesticides, carbofuran identified in two samples, ranging from 1.40 to 3.71pg/L, carbaryl was detected in two of the samples which ranged from 1.32 to 6.40pg/L, and pyrethroid (cypermethrin) was not detected in any of the samples. However, the residue level was also within the acceptable ranges according to the WHO guideline value (1993) of water quality. But, its presence in surface water as WHO-recommended limits is a matter of concern. In Bangladesh consumption ofpes::c.Jcs has been increased with the introduction of high yielding varieties of rice in recent years But. the widei&gt; cultivated high yielding variety is highly vulnerable to pests and diseases, and 40; : of the crop loss can be attributed to attack by pests and insects in Bangladesh which is a significant loss (Bagchi, et al. 2008). So, the use of pesticide is now an integral part of agriculture for pest control. More than 100 species of insects, 600 weed species. 1500 plant diseases and 1500 species of nematodes are being controlled by pesticide (Brady 1990). As a result, the production of improved variety of rice has significantly increased in recent years. Although pesticide is beneficial for pest control, it also poses a harmful effect to our environment such as the pollution of surface and ground water. After application of pesticide in the crop field it is degraded in the soil by the soil microorganism to some extent but many of the toxic pesticides are transported into surface and ground water by agricultural run off rain water from the crop field. Ultimately, the surface and ground water may be highly contaminated due to this agricultural run off pesticide (Bagchi, et al. 2008).&#x0D; Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 319-323, December 2014</jats:p

Pesticide Residue Analysis in Pond and Canal Water Samples From the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Abstract Not Available&#x0D; Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 145-149, June 2019</jats:p

Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Bangladesh

The success of varietal development programmme largely depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and characters association of the crop. The objective of the present study was to estimate the extent of genetic variability and relation between yield and related characters of rice. Forty Boro rice germplasm were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for 14 quantitative characters. The presence of slightly higher phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic coefficient of variation indicated the negligible influence of environment on the expression of yield and its component traits. Leaf length, days to flowering, days to maturity and 1000 grain weight showed highly positive significant correlation present with yield hill-1. High heritability had been observed for yield contributing traits during the study, suggested that these traits would respond to selection owing to their high genetic variability and transmissibility. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the inheritance of traits, their heritability and relationship with other important characteristics is important for the choice of breeding and selection methods for crop improvement.&#x0D; Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 35-43</jats:p

Pathogenic Bacteria, Pesticide Residues and Metal Content in Giant Fresh Water Prawn, &lt;i&gt;Macrobrachium Rosenbergii&lt;/i&gt; (De Man) Sold in Local Markets

The giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), a leading export item of Bangladesh was studied in terms of pathogenic bacteria, pesticide residues and metal contents. In microbiological analysis, total viable bacteria, total coliform, total faecal coliform, total Salmonella and total Vibrio count were ranged from 6.8 × 104 to 1.6 × 106, 1.5 × 102 to 1.8 × 105, 0.0 to 5.0 × 102, 0.0 to 1.8 × 102 and 0.0 to 3.6 × 102 cfu/gm, respectively. Pesticide residue was analyzed by HPLC. Out of six samples studied, one was found to be contaminated with Quinalphos and another with Cypermethrin, where the concentrations were 0.03 and 0.56 ppm, respectively, below the maximum residue limit set by joint FAO/WHO expert committee. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The range found for Cu and Cd was from 0.01 to 0.11 ppm and 0.01 to 0.06 ppm, respectively, which is below the maximum residue limit set by joint FAO/WHO expert committee (10 ppm for Cu and 0.2 ppm for Cd). Relatively high microbial load and presence of pathogens in all the tested samples, collected from local market revealed that the samples had exposure to an unhealthy environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7974Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 91-97, 2011</jats:p

Assessment of Quality Characteristics of Boiled Yam Tubers Available in Bangladesh

Tuber of yam (Dioscorea spp.) is one of the important foods widely popular in several countries. In spite of its assignment in the category of underutilized crop, the tubers of yam are consumed by the people of Bangladesh in different forms. The current paper has made an endeavor to evaluate the sensory qualities of boiled yam tubers by the panel of evaluators. The quality parameters that were considered for evaluation of boiled yam tubers were ease of peeling, poundability, discoloration of water after boiling, color and texture, bitterness, sweetness, etc. Evidently, it was possible to judge the quality of yams based on the sensory evaluation as it is one of the important steps for acceptability of foods and their subsequent usages. Around 31 tuber samples were harvested during the winter season from the Germplasm Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural University. Amongst the 31 samples, 24 came under the category of ‘easy to peel’, and ‘difficult to peel’ were only 7 samples. Regarding the color after cooking, 19 samples were “white, not colored”, whereas, 3 samples were intermediate and 9 samples were highly colored; might be attributed by the presence of phyto-compounds. Nevertheless, two samples i.e. RHMF002 and RMHF010 were found to possess most of the favorable sensory characters in terms of discoloration of water after boiling, sweetness, bitterness, texture, poundability, etc.&#x0D; SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 173-182 (2020)</jats:p

A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats

This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals