Intravenous infusion route in maternal resuscitation:a scoping review

BACKGROUND: The concept that upper extremities can be used as an infusion route during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnant women is a reasonable recommendation considering the characteristic circulation of pregnant women; however, this method is not based on scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW: We conducted a scoping review to determine whether the infusion route should be established above the diaphragm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pregnant woman. DISCUSSION: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs on the infusion of fluids in pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation requiring establishment of an infusion route due to cardiac arrest, massive bleeding, intra-abdominal bleeding, cesarean section, severe infection, or thrombosis. In total, 3150 articles from electronic database were extracted, respectively. After title and abstract review, 265 articles were extracted, and 116 articles were extracted by full-text screening, which were included in the final analysis. The 116 articles included 78 studies on infusion for pregnant women. The location of the intravenous infusion route could be confirmed in only 17 studies, all of which used the upper extremity to secure the venous route. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women undergo significant physiological changes that differ from those of normal adults, because of pressure and drainage of the inferior vena cava and pelvic veins by the enlarged uterus. Therefore, despite a lack of evidence, it seems logical to secure the infusion route above the diaphragm when resuscitating a pregnant woman. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-021-00546-9

金沢大学資料館所蔵考古資料に関する調査研究 2021 ―3D スキャナーによる三次元計測を中心に―

The author has carried out basic information arrangements and various research on the Kanazawa University Museumʼs archaeological materials. These researches have been published in the Bulletins of the Kanazawa University Museum.This paper describes the research results carried out after “Research on Archaeological Materials owned by Kanazawa University Museum in 2018” (Bulletin of the Kanazawa University Museum No.14, March 2019). Concretely, the author carries out three-dimensional measurement by 3D scanner for various archaeological materials, and presents detailed three-dimensional information.In addition, the author also carries out the background investigation on various archaeological materials, and describes their information.The archaeological materials owned by Kanazawa University Museum are composed of important historical relics. It is considered that the presentation of the information about archaeological materials in as much detail as possible can significantly contribute to the progress of future archaeological research

金沢大学資料館所蔵考古資料に関する調査研究 2018

平成29年度において、筆者は金沢大学資料館が所蔵する考古資料の基礎的情報整理をおこない、その学術的価値について『金沢大学資料館紀要』第13号に記した（松永2018a）。その中で、当資料館には、「四高考古資料」・「井上鋭夫発掘資料」・「一乗谷朝倉氏遺跡出土資料」を三本柱として、縄文時代から近世までの多種多様な考古資料が豊富に存在することを明らかにした。さらに同年度中、石川県博物館協議会職員研究奨励事業（研究テーマ名「金沢大学資料館所蔵考古資料の再評価」）の助成を受けて、当該考古資料の実測図化や、関連資料調査・現地確認調査なども実施した。その成果は、石川県博物館協議会総会および同会会報や、資料館の常設展・企画展を通じて発信している1）。平成30年度においても、引き続き金沢大学資料館所蔵の考古資料に関する各種調査研究を実施しており、12月までの成果を速報的にここに記す（一部、平成29年度末に実施したものを含む）

Rice Farming and Chinese Civilization: Renovation of Integrated Studies of Rice-based Civilizations

金沢大学資料館(１)中国・台湾の編物資料の調査研究：2019年9月4日～7日、台湾にて出土編物資料・民族編物資料を実見・観察した。特に国立台湾史前文化博物館では、卑南遺跡の網代圧痕や阿美族等のカゴ類等をまとめて実見する機会を得た。2019年9月9日～22日には、浙江省にて出土編物資料の実見・観察・記録を実施した。具体的には、良渚遺址考古与保護中心を基点に良渚文化期の編物等を再観察し、特に鐘家港遺跡出土編物は三次元記録も実施した。また、2019年12月2日～13日の間、河南省及び北京市にて各種出土遺物の観察・記録を実施するとともに編物情報の収集に努め、特に現代編物の使用実態を確認した。(２)日本の編物資料の調査研究：2019年8月18日～20日の間、鳥取県にて弥生時代編物の実見・観察・記録を実施した。弥生時代に顕在化する巻き上げ編みの編物や箕の実物を確認しながら三次元記録も実施し、稲作波及期における日本の編物の特徴を捉えた。また、東京文化財研究所の箕の研究会に参加し、2019年5月18日と2019年9月26日に自身の研究成果を口頭発表するとともに、各地採集の箕の民具資料について実見・観察及び情報交換する機会を得た。2020年6月22日には、十日町市博物館にて縄文時代の編布について口頭発表するとともに、越後アンギンを実見・観察し、現在の製作者の方々と交流する機会も得た。今年度は、これらの調査研究を実施しながら、『考古学ジャーナル』や『中国考古学』等に投稿して成果発信に努めた。各論文で、中国と日本の先史編物がどのように変遷するのか、両者の共通点・相違点に当時の編織技術や植生等がどのように関わっているのか、そして稲作及び文明形成の発展とどのように連動しているかを順を追って明らかにし、当初の目的はほぼ計画通りに達成することができた。研究課題/領域番号:18H04175, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 – 2020-03-31出典：研究課題「中国と日本の先史時代における編物の変遷の比較考古学的研究」課題番号18H04175（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-18H04175/）を加工して作

Stratifying a Risk for an Increased Variation of Airway Caliber among the Clinically Stable Asthma

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, correlations of peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation have been shown to facilitate the prediction of later asthma symptoms and exacerbations. However, it has not been fully examined whether or not any patient characteristics are associated with the residual airway lability in treated asthmatics. The objective of this study is to examine a predictive marker for increased variation of PEF in patients with clinically stable asthma.MethodsWe studied 297 asthmatic patients who were monitored for PEF twice a day. Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), spirometry, and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) were measured. After the assessment of baseline values, PEF measuring was continued and associations between these clinical markers and later variation of PEF over a week (Min%Max) were investigated.Results17.5% of the subjects showed increased PEF variability (Min%Max < 80%). ACQ, forced expiratory volume in 1 s % of predicted (%FEV1), and FENO were identified as independent predictors of Min%Max < 80%. An ACQ ≥ 0.4 yielded 96% sensitivity and 59% specificity, a %FEV1 ≤ 85% yielded 62% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and a FENO ≥ 40 ppb yielded 75% sensitivity and 90% specificity for identifying the subjects with high variability in PEF. When we combine %FEV1 ≤ 85% and FENO ≥ 40 ppb, this index showed the highest specificity (98%) for increased PEF variability.ConclusionsThese results indicate that ACQ, %FEV1 and FENO can stratify the risk for increased variation in airway caliber among patients with stable asthma. This may help identify subjects in whom further monitoring of lung function fluctuations is indicated

Effects of canagliflozin on WBC counts

Aims/Introduction: Clinical evidence is lacking about the influence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on white blood cell (WBC) counts, a commonly used and widely available marker of inflammation. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the effect of canagliflozin relative to glimepiride on WBC counts. Materials and Methods: This was a post-hoc subanalysis of the CANDLE trial (Effects of Canagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Trial; UMIN000017669), an investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 233 patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant heart failure were randomly assigned to either canagliflozin (n = 113) or glimepiride (n = 120) treatment for 24 weeks. Overall, patient baseline characteristics were as follows: mean ± standard deviation age, 68.6 ± 10.1 years; hemoglobin A1c, 7.0 ± 0.9%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 56.7 ± 14.4%; and median N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 252 pg/mL (interquartile range 96–563 pg/mL). The mean baseline WBC counts were 6704 cells/μL (95% confidence interval 6,362–7,047) in the canagliflozin group and 6322 cells/μL (95% confidence interval 5,991–6,654) in the glimepiride group. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of changes in WBC counts from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. In contrast, a group difference (canagliflozin minus glimepiride) from baseline to week 24 was significant (mean difference − 456 cells/μL [95% confidence interval −774 to −139, P = 0.005]). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that 24 weeks of treatment with canagliflozin, relative to glimepiride, reduced WBC counts in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure