Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicc

Risk of hospital-acquired legionellosis from microbial contamination of potable water at a bone marrow transplantunit in a Czech university hospital

The investigated of the potable water treatment room and the sanitary facilities of patient boxes was held. The potable water treatment room had three collection points (ball valves), while in the sanitary facilities potable water was collected from the tap, shower, and the flush tank. A swab was taken from the inside wall of the toilet tank. The samples and swabs of the flush tank water were Legionella pneumophila sg 1 and sg 6A positive. Disinfection of flush tanks with chlorine agents was recommended.We thank the medical and nursing staff of the Bone Marrow Transplant Units at the Olomouc University Hospital for their cooperation. Project supported by grant project nr. 801100021/39 - Surveillance of Infectious Complications in Hemato-Oncological Patients