Comparison of Conventional 2D CC (Cranio-Caudal) + MLO (Medio-Lateral Oblique) Bi-Directional Photography and 2D-MLO + DBT-MLO (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis) in Mammography Examination

Introduction: Mammography (MMG) is an excellent examination for breast cancer detection and is widely used in both screening and clinical practice. However, the breast thickness and background the concentration of the mammary gland is large among individuals, and the mammary gland and cancer may overlap and it may not be possible to point out a lesion. In recent years, digital breast tomosynthesis (hereinafter referred to as DBT) has been introduced to solve these problems, and its usefulness has been reported in clinical practice. Therefore, in anticipation of a higher cancer detection rate etc., we compared the conventional 2D CC + MLO 2-way MMG examination with 2DMLO + DBTMLO 2-way MMG examination.Materials and Methods: The combination of 2D CC + MLO and 2DMLO + DBTMLO was read for 95 cases of breast cancer taking 2D CC and MLO and DBT MLO from May 2016 to October 2017. It was judged that the category 3 or more required detailed examination, cancer detection, and cancer detection rates were compared. Subjects were 28 to 87 years of age (median: 55 years), breast composition: high concentration 15.8% (15 cases), heterogeneous high concentration 47.4% (45 cases), mammary gland 28.4% (27 cases), Fatty was 8.4% (8 cases).Results: The cancer detection rate was 87% for the 2D CC + MLO combination and 94% for the 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination in 95 cases of breast cancer. The interpretation time was 95 minutes for the 2D CC + MLO combination and 110 minutes for the 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination.The breast cancer detected only by the combination of 2D CC + MLO was scattered in 1 case and was classified as Category 3 by FAD. Breast cancer detected only by the combination of 2DMLO + DBTMLO: 8 cases with uneven distribution of breast composition, 3 cases with scattered mammary gland, 3 cases with 5 cases with disordered construction, Category 4 with 3 cases with FAD was.Conclusion: Both 2D CC + MLO combination and 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination are considered useful for screening MMG examination. In particular, we would like to consider the introduction to medical examinations for the addition of MMG in DBT, but the issue of the amount of image information, the problem of exposure to radiation, the direction of imaging, the establishment of interpretation methods etc. are future issues

Prognostic value of metastin expression in human pancreatic cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>KiSS-1 </it>was identified as a metastasis-suppressing gene in melanoma cells. The <it>KiSS-1 </it>gene product (metastin) was isolated from human placenta as the ligand of GPR54, a G-protein-coupled receptor. The role of metastin and GPR54 in tumor progression is not fully understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated the clinical significance of metastin and GPR54 expression in pancreatic cancer. We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of metastin and GPR54 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues obtained from 53 consecutive patients who underwent resection between July 2003 and May 2007 at Kyoto University Hospital. In 23 consecutive patients, the plasma metastin level was measured before surgery by enzyme immunoassay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Strong immunohistochemical expression of metastin was detected in 13 tumors (24.5%), while strong expression of GPR54 was detected in 30 tumors (56.6%). Tumors that were negative for both metastin and GPR54 expression were significantly larger than tumors that were positive for either metastin or GPR54 (p = 0.047). Recurrence was less frequent in patients who had metastin-positive tumors compared with those who had metastin-negative tumors (38.5% versus 70.0%, p = 0.04). Strong expression of metastin and GPR54 was significantly correlated with longer survival (p = 0.02). Metastin expression by pancreatic cancer was an independent prognostic factor for longer survival (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–4.7; p = 0.03), and the patients with a high plasma metastin level (n = 6) did not die after surgical resection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Strong expression of metastin and GPR54 by pancreatic cancer is associated with longer survival. Metastin expression is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. The plasma metastin level could become a noninvasive prognostic factor for the assessment of pancreatic cancer.</p

Midkine promoter-based conditionally replicative adenovirus therapy for midkine-expressing human pancreatic cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To develop a novel therapeutic strategy for human pancreatic cancer using a midkine promoter-based conditionally replicating adenovirus.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined midkine mRNA expression and midkine protein expression by seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, HPAC, MIAPaCa-2, PANC-1, and Suit-2), as well as by non-cancerous pancreatic tissue and pancreatic cancers. Midkine promoter activity was measured in cancer cell lines by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Adenoviral transduction efficiency was assessed by fluorescent staining of cancer cell lines using adenovirus type 5 containing the green fluorescent protein gene (Ad5GFP). Replication of adenovirus type 5 containing the 0.6 kb midkne promoter (Ad5MK) was assessed by the detection of E1 protein in cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of Ad5MK for cancer cells was evaluated from the extent of growth inhibition after viral infection. Infection and replication were also assessed in nude mice with subcutaneous Suit-2 tumors by intratumoral injection of Ad5MK, Ad5GFP, or vehicle. E1a mRNA expression in the treated tumors and expression of the replication-specific adenoviral hexon protein were evaluated. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of Ad5MK against intraperitoneal xenografts of Suit-2 pancreatic cancer cells was examined after intraperitoneal injection of the virus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both midkine mRNA expression and midkine protein expression were strong in AsPC-1 and CFPAC-1 cell liens, moderate in BxPC-3, HPAC, and Suit-2 cell lines, and weak in PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cell lines. Expression of midkine mRNA was significantly stronger in pancreatic cancers than in non-cancerous pancreatic tissues. The relative luciferase activity mediated by the 0.6 kb midkne fragment in AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Suit-2 cell lines was approximately 6 to 20 times greater than that in midkne-negative MIAPaCa-2 cell lines. Pancreatic cancer cell lines exhibited a heterogeneous adenoviral transduction profile. E1A expression was higher in cell lines with strong midkine expression than in cell lines with weak midkine expression. Ad5MK showed much greater cytotoxicity for midkine-expressing Suit-2 and PANC-1 cell lines than for midkine-negative MIAPaCa-2 cell lines. In the Suit-2 subcutaneous xenograft model, expression of E1A was detected in Ad5MK-treated tumors, but not in untreated and Ad5GFP-treated tumors. In the Suit-2 intraperitoneal xenograft model, the Ad5MK group survived for significantly longer than the Ad5GFP, PBS, and untreated groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Ad5MK has an anti-tumor effect against human pancreatic cancer cell lines that express midkine mRNA. Midkine promoter-based conditionally replicative adenovirus might be a promising new gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.</p

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メタクリル酸(MAA)とそのn-アルキルエステル類(RMA)との共重合反応性を調べた結果, ベンゼン中の反応においてRMAのアルキル鎖の増長に伴うモノマー反応性比の大きな変化が認められたが, カルボソ酸中の反応においてはその変化は僅かであった。モノマー反応性比に対するアルキル鎖長の影響およびその溶媒効果の特徴, さらに重合成長反応性に対する水素結合の影響についての分子軌道計算結果を用いた摂動エネルギーによる評価より, モノマー反応性比に対するn-アルキル鎖の立体的影響は小さいこと, また, 実験結果におけるモノマー反応性比の変化は主として反応溶液中におけるMAAの水素結合会合平衡の影響によることが示された。The effect of the alkyl group on copolymerization of methacrylic acid(MAA)with its n-alkyl esters (RMA) was investigated. The monomer reactivity ratios largely varied with alkyl group length in reactions in benzene. This effect was not so great in reactions in carboxylic acids. The steric effects of alkyl groups on copolymerization would thus appear slight and variations in the reactivity ratio to possibly be due to variations in the hydrogen-bonding equilibria of MAA. The effects of the hydrogen bond on propagation reactivity were also discussed by perturbation energy based on quantum chemical calculations

Predicting the Age of Voice Actors in Japanese Animation Using Simple Perception

近年よく見られる「機械学習」の，一つの応用として既知のデータから未知のデータを予測する回帰や分類予測が知られている．本研究ではその分類予測を日本文化の一つであるアニメーションのキャラクターと声優の年齢予測に適用し，二者の間にどのような関係があるかを調査した．調査には全53組のデータを使用し，声優の年齢がある閾値より高いか低いかの二値分類予測を行った．予測には単純パーセプトロンをL1ノルムの正規化と併せて用い，キャラクターのどのような情報が声優の年齢を予測するのに役立つかを評価した．学習の結果，キャラクターの髪の色，とりわけ赤成分が声優の年齢にかかわっていることがわかった． Using regression and class prediction to predict unknown data from already known data is one application of machine learning, a phenomenon that has become commonplace in recent years. In this study, we used class prediction to predict the age of characters in animation, a Japanese cultural staple, and the voice actor and investigated the relationship between the two. We used a total of 53 pairs of data for the survey and made a binary class prediction of whether the age of the voice actor is higher or lower than a threshold. For the prediction, we used a simple perceptron and L1 norm regularization, and evaluated what kind of information about the character is useful for predicting the age of the voice actor. As a result of learning, we found that the hair color of the character, especially the red component, is strongly related to the age of the voice actor

Dynamical Structure of Nano-Meter-Sized Domains on a Vesicle(Poster session 1, New Frontiers in Colloidal Physics : A Bridge between Micro- and Macroscopic Concepts in Soft Matter)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。飽和リン脂質、不飽和リン脂質、コレステロールの3成分からなるモデル生体膜は、脂質アシル基の無秩序-秩序転移温度以下で相分離し、膜面上にドメイン構造を形成する。ナノメートルサイズのベシクルを用いることにより膜面上でのナノメートルスケールのドメインのダイナミクスを中性子スピンエコー法により調べた。臨界サイズに近い大きさを持つナノドメインはベシクル上で熱揺らぎにより融合・分裂を繰り返し、安定なモノドメイン構造にまで成長できない状態であると考えられる

Earthquake Prediction Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization

今まで日本で発生した地震データから，地震が発生する特徴を表すパターンを抽出し，地震予測に用いることができないかを考えた．そのため，2004 年2 月から2016 年の5 月に日本で発生した地震のデータを「YAHOO! 天気・災害」から取得し，行列として表現し，非負値行列制約因子分解を用いて解析を行った．その結果，地震発生の典型的なパターンと，突発性に伴う困難を示唆する結果を得た．この研究結果は，未来の技術として繋がることを考えている． Using data collected from past earthquakes in Japan, we extracted patterns representing earthquake occurrence characteristics and explored the possibility of using these for earthquake prediction. We obtained data from “Yahoo! Weather and Disaster” concerning earthquakes that occurred from 2004 February to 2016 May, and expressed them in the form of a matrix. We analyzed the resulting matrix using non-negative matrix factorization. Our results suggest some typical patterns of earthquake occurrence as well as difficulties accompanying sudden outbreaks. We expect that this method will lead to the development of future technologies