40 research outputs found
血清ペプシノゲン検査に基づく胃がん発生率と有効性に関する15年間のコホート研究
Objectives : The incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer in Japan have remained high and prophylaxis is important. However, the number of the individuals undergoing gastric mass radiography has decreased in recent years because the examination has a big burden at the time of the consultation. Many studies have reported the ease and effectiveness of the pepsinogen test and a higher incidence of gastric cancer in positive groups. However, the longest survey period was 10 years. Therefore, we conducted a 15-year cohort study to examine the validity of the testing period and the incidence of gastric cancer in serum pepsinogen positive and negative groups at a private company utilizing pepsinogen test. Methods : Subjects were 4383 employees who received a pepsinogen test. Subjects were followed for 15 years. For the purpose of examining the three periods over five-, 10-, and 15-year periods, we analyzed the validity of testing during each period, carried out a log-rank test, and analyzed hazard ratio in the Cox proportional hazard model. Results : The number of individuals who developed gastric cancer during the survey was nine in the five-year negative group, 18 in the five-year positive group, 16 in the 10-year negative group, 27 in the 10-year positive group, 31 in the 15-year negative group, and 29 in the 15-year positive group. The sensitivity of testing was 0.667 over the first five years, 0.628 over 10 years, and 0.483 over 15 years, and the specificity was 0.744 over the first five years, 0.745 over 10 years, and 0.745 over 15 years. The five-year incidence of gastric cancer was 57 per 100,000 person years in the negative group and 350 per 100,000 person years in the positive group. The ten-year incidences were 53 per 100,000 person years in the negative group and 279 per 100,000 person years in the positive group. The 15-year incidence was 75 per 100,000 person years in the negative group and 231 per 100,000 person years in the positive group. The hazard ratio of the positive group toward the negative group was 4.98 over the first five years, 4.71 over 10 years, and 2.76 over 15 years (p<0.001). Conclusions : This study clarified that the first five years after the testing showed the highest hazard ratio and validity, therefore, the validity of testing was approximately 10 years. 【目的】我が国の胃がんの死亡率及び罹患率は現在も上位であり、その予防対策は重要で ある。けれども、近年X線の胃集団検診の受診者は、受診時の負担が大きいことから減少 している。一方職域の胃がん予防対策は、法的義務が無いため、企業により様々であるが 地域同様減少している。多くの先行研究では、血清ペプシノゲン検査法が簡便で有益とし ており、陽性群に発症率が高いとしているが、調査期間は最長10年であり、15年間の調査 はなかった。そこで、一企業において15年間の“陽性群”と“陰性群”での発症率の違い と検査の有効性の期間を検討することを目的にコホート調査を行った。 【方法】ペプシノゲン検査を受診した4,383名を15年間追跡した。5年間、10年間、15年間の 3期間に区切って各期間の検査の有効性を算出し、発症率をLog-rankで検定し、発症危険 度をCox比例ハザードで分析した。 【結果】追跡期間中に陰性群と陽性群のそれぞれの胃がん発症数は、5年間で9人と18人、 10年間で16人と27人、15年間で31人と29人であった。検査の感度は5年間で0.667、10年間 で0.628、15年間で0.483であり、特異度は、5年間で0.744、10年間で0.745,15年間で0.745 であった。発症率では、5年間の陰性群と陽性群で57、350per 100,000 person yearsであり、 10年では53、279 per 100,000 person years であり、15年では 75、231 per 100,000 person yearsであった。陰性群に対する陽性群の発生危険度は、5年間4.98、10年間4.71、15年間 2.76であった (p<0.001)。 【結論】胃がんの発症率及び発症危険度や検査の有効性が最も高かったのは、2000年まで の5年間であり、検査の有効性は、約10年であることが明らかになった。Thesis of Takami Okuno / 奥野 敬生 博士論文 金沢大学医薬保健学総合研究科(保健学専攻
Systems for making NIAS Core Collections, single-seed-derived germplasm, and plant photo images available to the research community
Carotid artery calcification at the initiation of hemodialysis is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease: a cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vascular calcification has been recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the association of carotid artery calcification (CAAC) with CV events remains unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether CAAC is associated with composite CV events in ESRD patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One-hundred thirty-three patients who had been started on hemodialysis between 2004 and 2008 were included in this retrospective cohort study. These patients received multi-detector computed tomography to assess CAAC at the initiation of hemodialysis. Composite CV events, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and CV deaths after the initiation of hemodialysis, were examined in each patient.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CAAC was found in 94 patients (71%). At the end of follow-up, composite CV events were seen in 47 patients: ischemic heart disease in 20, heart failure in 8, cerebrovascular disease in 12, and CV deaths in 7. The incidence of CAAC was 87% in patients with CV events, which was significantly higher than the rate (62%) in those without. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant increase in composite CV events in patients with CAAC compared with those without CAAC (p = 0.001, log-rank test). Univariate analysis using a Cox hazards model showed that age, smoking, common carotid artery intima-media thickness and CAAC were risk factors for composite CV events. In multivariate analysis, only CAAC was a significant risk factor for composite CV events (hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-8.00; p = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CAAC is an independent risk factor for CV events in ESRD patients. The assessment of CAAC at the initiation of hemodialysis is useful for predicting the prognosis.</p
A black eye variant of Black spotted pond frog (Rana nigromaculata) found in Tannan region of Fukui Prefecture
A black eye variant of black spotted pond frog was found in Tannan region of Fukui Prefecture in 2013. A main
character of the variant is abdominal transparenc