Association between the thickness of the collagen in the amniotic membrane with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes

Background: Neonatal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is 19 deaths/1,000 live births and IMR is 32 deaths/1,000 live births which can be associated with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM). In America, PROM occurs in 2-3% of all pregnancies and 40% associated with preterm birth. Some studies indicate a difference in the thickness of the collagen in the membrane architecture cause structural abnormalities that occur in PROM.Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with cross sectional study design to see the difference in the thickness of the collagen membrane of the amnion PROM patients with normal pregnant patients conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine USU-General Hospital of Adam Malik, and District Hospital USU on December 2014-March 2015. Sampling was carried out in the delivery room and operating room in General Hospital of Adam Malik. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis to find the characteristics of the sample and bivariate analysis to compare the thickness of the collagen in amnion membranes at term PROM patients and normal pregnant.Results: This study showed the thickness of the collagen mother with PROM was 108.11±14.06 mm thinner than the average thickness of the collagen normal pregnant women which was 172.06±38.40 mm. And the thickness of amniotic mother with PROM was 522.72±85.63 mm thinner than the thickness of normal pregnant women amnion was 702.72±180.07 mm.Conclusions: Statistical test result with t-test. p value <0.05 showed a significant difference collagen thickness and amnion thickness at PROM group with normal pregnant group that showed an association with the PROM and collagen thickness

BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) EFFECT ON EXPRESSION OF TNF-α, IL-2, AND sFlt-1IN PREECLAMPTIC MODEL RATS

Objective: To prove the effect of giving black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) to decrease levels of TNF-α, IL-2, sFlt-1, and in PE model mice. Methods: This study is an analytical study with true experimental research design in laboratory mice (Rattus norvegicus) pregnant female has given black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day. The treatment of all samples was carried out simultaneously and during the treatment was observed using the type of Postest Only Control Group Design. To assess whether the sample is normally distributed or not the Shapiro-Wilk test was carried out because the sample was ≤50. To assess the comparison of parameters (differences in expression of IL-2, sFlt-1, and TNF-α) between groups, the ANOVA test was used if the data were normally distributed and the Kruskal Wallis test if the data were not normally distributed. Results: From these results, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the administration of black cumin extract on TNF-α, IL-2, andsFlt-1 expression (p&lt;0.001); the administration of black cumin extract can reduce TNF-α, IL-2, and sFlt-1 expression in preeclampsia mice. The administration of 2000 mg black cumin extract can reduce TNF-α and IL-2 expression more significantly. Conclusion: Black cumin can reduce levels of TNF-α, IL-2, sFlt-1 in models mice with preeclampsia (p&lt;0.001)

BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE, MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE, PROTEINURIA IN PREECLAMPTIC MODEL RATS

Objective: This research aimed to show effect of black cumin (nigella sativa) on blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), proteinuria in preeclamptic model rats. Methods: This is analytical research with true experimental design in laboratory pregnant female rats (Rattus norvegicus), which get black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day. Treatment of all samples was performed simultaneously and during the treatment was observed using Postest Only Control Group Design. The research was conducted at Biology Laboratory in July 2019. To assess the comparison of parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and proteinuria) between groups the ANOVA test was used if the data were normally distributed and Kruskal Wallis test was used if the data were abnormally distributed. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and MAP decreased in preeclampsia models rats by administering 500 mg (P1) and 2000 mg (cumin) black cumin extract (P2). However, a dose of 2000 mg black cumin extract had a more significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and MAP. The results of this research indicate that all treatment groups showed improvement after day 9 of the administration of nigella that no treatment group showed proteinuria. Conclusion: Black cumin is proven to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure and proteinuria

Profile of Teenage Pregnancy in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2011-2015

Many of the teenagers who enter pregnancy would cause a decline in health and nutritional status. Delivery at an early age was associated with a greater health risk for the mother. To assess the profile of teenage pregnancy in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan year 2011-2015. This study was conducted with descriptive study design using secondary data from medical records. There were 128 patients who became pregnant in their teens. Then the data were tabulated and presented in the form of frequency distribution table and were analyzed descriptively. Most pregnant women came to the hospital for parturition (60.1%) followed by preeclampsia / eclampsia (14.8%). The way of delivery of pregnant adolescent women was vaginal (52.3%) followed by cesarean (36.7%). There was no significant relationship between adolescent age of pregnant and newborn weight. There was no significant relationship between the age of the adolescent and method of delivery. Most teenage pregnancy occured between 17-19 years. Most pregnant teenagers delivered vaginally, and most of the newborns were normoweigh

Association between the thickness of the collagen in the amniotic membrane with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes

Background: Neonatal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is 19 deaths/1,000 live births and IMR is 32 deaths/1,000 live births which can be associated with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM). In America, PROM occurs in 2-3% of all pregnancies and 40% associated with preterm birth. Some studies indicate a difference in the thickness of the collagen in the membrane architecture cause structural abnormalities that occur in PROM.Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with cross sectional study design to see the difference in the thickness of the collagen membrane of the amnion PROM patients with normal pregnant patients conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine USU-General Hospital of Adam Malik, and District Hospital USU on December 2014-March 2015. Sampling was carried out in the delivery room and operating room in General Hospital of Adam Malik. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis to find the characteristics of the sample and bivariate analysis to compare the thickness of the collagen in amnion membranes at term PROM patients and normal pregnant.Results: This study showed the thickness of the collagen mother with PROM was 108.11±14.06 mm thinner than the average thickness of the collagen normal pregnant women which was 172.06±38.40 mm. And the thickness of amniotic mother with PROM was 522.72±85.63 mm thinner than the thickness of normal pregnant women amnion was 702.72±180.07 mm.Conclusions: Statistical test result with t-test. p value &lt;0.05 showed a significant difference collagen thickness and amnion thickness at PROM group with normal pregnant group that showed an association with the PROM and collagen thickness

Cost Efficiency and CO2 Emission Reduction in Short Sea Shipping: Evidence from Ciwandan Port&ndash;Panjang Port Routes, Indonesia

Merak Port of Java and Bakauheni Port of Sumatera are connected by ferry lines. However, the number of ferry ships and facilities of the two ports are not able to accommodate the number of vehicles that cross. Queues of vehicles often occur and waiting times at the port are very high and have an impact on the accumulation of vehicles on the road to the port. Anticipating these conditions, it is possible to open a short sea shipping (SSS) route from Ciwandan port to Panjang port as an alternative route for shifting some of the vehicles served by those ferry ships. This research aims to analyze the efficiency of opening the Ciwandan&ndash;Panjang SSS route in terms of benefits for stakeholders, cost efficiency for vehicle users, and the potential for CO2 reduction from exhaust gases. We use a descriptive quantitative method. The analytical techniques used include port cost analysis, benefit analysis (for the government and ship operators), comparative analysis of transportation costs, and analysis of the impact of reducing CO2 emissions, which are valued monetarily. The results of the analysis show that the operation of the Ciwandan&ndash;Panjang SSS can reduce the total cost of vehicles compared to the Merak&ndash;Bakuheni route. Owners of cargo vehicles are able to save on logistics costs of IDR 332 billion per year. Estimated state revenue through non-tax state revenues (NTSI) and value-added tax (VAT) is increased. Losses due to CO2 emissions are estimated to be reduced, with a value of up to IDR 511 billion per year

Effect of Traffic Lights Countdown Timer and Motorcycle Lanes as an Approach to the Red Box for Motorcycles in Bali Island

The development of red boxes for motorcycles in Indonesia was initially adopted from the advanced stop line (ASL) for bicycles. The bike box concept was adopted for motorcycles in Indonesia. To date, red boxes have been fully implemented in 21 cities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of traffic light countdown timers and motorcycle lanes as an approach to the red box for motorcycles at signalized intersections. There were four locations studied in Denpasar Bali, i.e., red boxes with countdown timer only (Condition 1), red boxes with motorcycle lane only (Condition 2), red boxes with countdown timer and motorcycle lane (Condition 3), and red boxes without countdown timer and without motorcycle lane (Condition 4). The analysis results based on motorcycle volume data indicate that a countdown timer has a significant effect in increasing motorcycle acceleration when the green light starts, reducing the possibility of motorized vehicles other than motorcycles stopping in the red box area and reducing stop line violations while waiting during a red light. Meanwhile, the presence of a motorcycle lane as an approach lane to enter the red box area has a significant influence on increasing the occupancy of the red box by motorcycles. In addition, the correlation test shows that the countdown timer has a strong correlation with the occupancy of the red box to capacity and to stop line violation. Meanwhile, the level of traffic flow is strongly correlated with the countdown timer and motorcycle lane

Effect of Traffic Lights Countdown Timer and Motorcycle Lanes as an Approach to the Red Box for Motorcycles in Bali Island

The development of red boxes for motorcycles in Indonesia was initially adopted from the advanced stop line (ASL) for bicycles. The bike box concept was adopted for motorcycles in Indonesia. To date, red boxes have been fully implemented in 21 cities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of traffic light countdown timers and motorcycle lanes as an approach to the red box for motorcycles at signalized intersections. There were four locations studied in Denpasar Bali, i.e., red boxes with countdown timer only (Condition 1), red boxes with motorcycle lane only (Condition 2), red boxes with countdown timer and motorcycle lane (Condition 3), and red boxes without countdown timer and without motorcycle lane (Condition 4). The analysis results based on motorcycle volume data indicate that a countdown timer has a significant effect in increasing motorcycle acceleration when the green light starts, reducing the possibility of motorized vehicles other than motorcycles stopping in the red box area and reducing stop line violations while waiting during a red light. Meanwhile, the presence of a motorcycle lane as an approach lane to enter the red box area has a significant influence on increasing the occupancy of the red box by motorcycles. In addition, the correlation test shows that the countdown timer has a strong correlation with the occupancy of the red box to capacity and to stop line violation. Meanwhile, the level of traffic flow is strongly correlated with the countdown timer and motorcycle lane