MICROLEAKAGE EVALUATION OF MODIFIED MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE EFFECT TOWARD MARGINAL ADAPTATION ON CERVICAL DENTIN PERFORATION

Objective: To analyze the marginal adaptation of conventional MTA (ProRoot®MTA) and modified MTA (MTA Flow™) on perforated dentin.Methods: Forty specimens of human's premolar teeth with lateral perforations were sealed by conventional MTA (n=20) and modified MTA (n=20). After 24 hours, the specimens were immersed in Indian ink for 24 hours, then embedded in resin and sectioned longitudinally in mesial-distal direction. The score of microleakage was determined using stereo microscope (SteREO Discovery. V12, Carl Zeiss) with 20x magnification. Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square (p<0,05).Results: Less microleakage score (0,5-1mm) was detected in modified MTA (25%) compared to conventional MTA (45%), although not statistically significant.Conclusion: Microleakage were detected in both conventional and modified MTA as material for cervical dentin perforation treatment, although modified-MTA group showed less microleakage score

EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT SOLUTION ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF THE ROOT CANAL DENTIN: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Objective: Grape seed extract (GSE) containing proanthocyanidin as a root canal irrigation solution has its antibacterial effects and ability to eliminatethe smear layer. In addition, proanthocyanidin acts as a cross-linking agent of collagen, which adds to dentin’s mechanical properties. This studyanalyzed the effect of GSE containing 2.9% proanthocyanidin on the microhardness of the dentin in the root canal.Methods: Fifty teeth were divided into three groups and immersed in GSE solution, 3% NaOCl solution, or distilled water (controls) for 30 min for 3consecutive days. The microhardness was measured using the Vickers method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: The GSE group presented the highest microhardness values, whereas the lowest values in the NaOCl group. No significant difference inmicrohardness observed between the GSE and distilled water groups.Conclusion: The GSE solution maintains the microhardness of the root canal dentin

TOXIC EFFECTS OF 2.5% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 17% ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID, AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE SOLUTIONS ON THE VIABILITY OF DENTAL PULP MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Objective: Disinfection of the root canal system is a key factor in the success of regenerative endodontic treatment. However, dental irrigationsolutions must exert bactericidal effects while maintaining stem cell viability. This study aimed to compare the effects of solutions containing 2.5%sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2% chlorhexidine on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells.Methods: Primary cells were obtained from immature third molars and cultured. Subsequently, an immunofluorescence assay specific for themesenchymal stem cell marker STRO-1 was used to identify dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells in the cultures. These cells were exposed to the threeabove-described solutions, after which cell viability was analyzed using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.Results: The viabilities of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells treated with the three irrigating solutions differed significantly from the viability ofcontrol cells (P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences in cell viability were observed among the solutions (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: All tested solutions had toxic effects on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF NISIN AS AN IRRIGANT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM

Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of 10% nisin, 2% chlorhexidine (ChX), and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in vitro.Methods: Petri dishes containing brain heart infusion agar were seeded with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and were incubated overnight at 37°C. Thecellulose nitrate filter membrane was inoculated with E. faecalis for 72 h to grow a biofilm, and we performed the direct contact test between the testsolutions and the biofilm for 10 min. The DNA was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction with propidium monoazide additive to countthe living cells.Results: The number of E. faecalis bacteria in the 2% ChX group was the lowest (8.36×103 CFU/mL) while the highest number of bacteria - among theantibacterial substances tested - in the nisin 10% group (5.55×106 CFU/mL).Conclusion: The antibacterial effects against E. faecalis biofilm of 10% nisin were not comparable with those of 2% ChX and 2.5% NaOCl

EFFECT OF TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC PASTE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, LEDERMIX® ON VIABILITY OF PULP MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Objective: The goal of regenerative endodontic therapy is biological healing of the pulp tissue. It involves the disinfection of the canals with irrigantsand medicaments. The medicaments that are currently used for this purpose are a triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), andLedermix®, a paste containing demeclocycline and triamcinolone. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of TAP, Ca(OH)2, andLedermix® on the viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC).Methods: Primary cultures of DPSC were obtained from immature third molars. Immunofluorescence assay using STRO-1 marker was performedto confirm the mesenchymal nature of the DPSC. The cells were exposed to TAP, Ca(OH)2, and Ledermix® at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL. Cellviability was analyzed using the MTT assay.Results: Significant differences in viability were noted between the cells exposed to the medicaments and those in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusions: All three medicaments decreased the viability of DPSC, with the Ledermix® paste demonstrating the highest toxic effect

EFFECTS OF ODONTOCEM AND MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE-ANGELUS TOXICITY ON FIBROBLAST VIABILITY

Objective: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is proven to be biocompatible and is used for pulp capping treatment. Odontocem, calcium silicate-basedcement similar to MTA with the addition of a steroid, has recently been developed and to compare the effects of Odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicityon fibroblast cell viability.Methods: Fibroblast cells from embryonated chicken eggs were immersed in Odontocem or MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability wasanalyzed by Microculture Tetrazolium (MTT) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: After 24 h, the Odontocem and MTA-Angelus groups showed significantly lower viability (p<0.05) compared with controls. After 72 h, cellviability was significantly higher in the Odontocem and MTA-Angelus groups. However, there was no significant difference between the Odontocemand MTA-Angelus groups.Conclusions: Odontocem and MTA-Angelus have low toxicity for dental applications

Effect of etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes in universal adhesives on push-out bond strength of fiber post

Nowadays, the universal adhesive become more popular among clinicians due to its simple procedure. The application of universal adhesive on root canal dentin prior the self-adhesive resin cement may increase bond-strength between fiber post and dentin. T

ANALYSIS OF LYSATE PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN EFFECTS ON HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH DENTIN SIALOPHOSPHOPROTEIN EXPRESSION

Objective: In vitro, the culture media in which human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are grown are supplemented with specific growth factors thatinduce cell cycle entry and differentiation. Lysate platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a unique and stable growth factor supplement produced from plateletslysed by freezing-thawing. In this study, we aimed to analyze the potential effects of L-PRF on hDPSC differentiation.Methods: We divided hDPSCs isolated from human third molars at the second passage into five culture media groups treated with 1%, 5%, 10%,and 25% L-PRF or 10% fetal bovine serum (control). After 7 days, we evaluated hDPSC differentiation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayspecific for dentin sialophosphoprotein and Alizarin-Red staining.Results: None of our analyses revealed any significant differences between the L-PRF- and control-treated cells.Conclusion: L-PRF could potentially induce the differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro

COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION 10231 BIOFILM

Objective: Several studies suggest that 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), an effective irrigation solution against Candida albicans biofilm, is toxic to host cells,thus an effective and safe alternative irrigation solution is needed. Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) containing xanthorrhizol (XNT) hasbeen reported to have an antifungal effect, yet no studies to date have reported the optimum dose of XNT in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm, so the aimof this study was to determine the optimum dose of XNT against C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans American Type and Culture Collection (ATCC) 10231 biofilm was exposed to XNT for 15 min. Then, the antifungal effect wastested using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide reduction assay and total plate count (TPC).Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the percentage of biofilm eradication and TPC results following exposure ofC. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm to 1% XNT, 1.25% XNT, and 2% CHX.Conclusion: Our results suggest that 1% XNT and 1.25% XNT have an antifungal effect against C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm equivalent to that of2% CHX