Hipotensão intracraniana espontânea: relato de caso

Descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 45 anos de idade com cefaléia postural secundária a hipotensão liquórica espontânea, no qual a ressonância nuclear magnética do crânio revelou impregnação de contraste e espessamento meníngeo

Effortless Attention as a Biomarker for Experienced Mindfulness Practitioners.

The present study aimed at comparing frontal beta power between long-term (LTM) and first-time meditators (FTM), before, during and after a meditation session. We hypothesized that LTM would present lower beta power than FTM due to lower effort of attention and awareness.Twenty one participants were recruited, eleven of whom were long-term meditators. The subjects were asked to rest for 4 minutes before and after open monitoring (OM) meditation (40 minutes).The two-way ANOVA revealed an interaction between the group and moment factors for the Fp1 (p<0.01), F7 (p = 0.01), F3 (p<0.01), Fz (p<0.01), F4 (p<0.01), F8 (p<0.01) electrodes.We found low power frontal beta activity for LTM during the task and this may be associated with the fact that OM is related to bottom-up pathways that are not present in FTM.We hypothesized that the frontal beta power pattern may be a biomarker for LTM. It may also be related to improving an attentive state and to the efficiency of cognitive functions, as well as to the long-term experience with meditation (i.e., life-time experience and frequency of practice)

Group x Moment Interaction.

<p>T-Test of between groups for each moment, showing p-values and effect size representing differences between two groups. (* represents significant p values).</p

Group x Moment t-test of within groups effects showing p-values and effect size (Cohen’s d) representing differences between two groups.

<p>(* represents significant p values).</p

A t-test showed a significant difference for frontal beta activity in the rest 1 (p<0.01), meditation (p<0.01) and rest 2 (p<0.01) when compared LTM to FTM.

<p>All frontal electrodes are included (Fp1, Fp2, F3, Fz, F4, F7 and F8) and separated for each moment.</p

A 2 × 3 ANOVA design showed a main effect for group and moment for Fp2 electrode.

<p>a) Comparisons of LTM and FTM absolute beta power (logged mean ± SD) (log10 transformed) showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.02); b) Comparisons of rest 1, meditation and rest 2 absolute beta power (logged mean ± SD) (log10 transformed) showed a significant increase for rest 1 to meditation (p = 0.01), meditation to rest 2 (p<0.01) and rest 1 to rest 2 (p<0.01).</p

Comparisons of LONG-TERM (LTM) and FIRST-TIME (FTM) meditators in the moment (rest 1 (●); meditation (■); rest 2 (▲)) for all frontal electrodes.

<p>Data represent the mean ± SD frequency of logged absolute beta power (log10 transformed) for each electrode. A 2 × 3 ANOVA showed significantly differences in the marked bars (<i>p</i> < 0.05; exact values in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138561#pone.0138561.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). (* represents significant p values) The bars represent the moments that demonstrate difference between them when we examining the interaction.</p