29 research outputs found
The place and role of serologic methods in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection
The aim of the study was to determine the place and role of serologic methods in detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, on the basis of estimated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT) sensitivity and specificity. A total of 549 patients were included in the study. ELISA and CFT as serologic methods were compared with invasive methods (rapid urease test--CLO test, culture, histology). The sensitivity of serologic methods was above 90%, and their specificity was around 80%. Study results confirmed the value, reliability and usefulness of serologic methods in the detection of H. pylori infection
Histological Characteristics of Malignant Tumours
NajveÄi broj zloÄudnih tumora potjeÄe od jedne
jedine zloÄudno promijenjene stanice - tzv. monoklonalne zloÄudne
stanice. MeÄutim, naslijeÄena genska nestabilnost
zloÄudnih stanica, utjecaji mikrookoliÅ”a i makrookoliÅ”a vrlo brzo
dovode do bioloÅ”kih razliÄitosti, tj. fenotipskih i genskih promjena
zloÄudnih stanica i njihovih metastaza, tj. heterogenosti
zloÄudnih stanica. Upravo je heterogenost zloÄudnih stanica
osnova teorije o nastanku metastaza prema kojoj samo najotpornije
i najsposobnije stanice mogu preživjeti, pa se zato
metastaziranje može shvatiti kao kompeticija izmeÄu subpopulacija
tumorskih stanica u kojoj su stanice primarnog tumora
pobjednice i nastavljaju život u metastazi. Pojednostavnjenom
definicijom morfoloÅ”ko se razlikovanje dobroÄudnih od zloÄudnih
tumora osniva na odreÄivanju stupnja sliÄnosti tumora āroditeljskomuā
tkivu, tj. tkivu podrijetla tumora. Tako definirani
dobroÄudni tumori histoloÅ”ki, citoloÅ”ki i dijelom funkcionalno
gotovo u cijelosti odgovaraju āroditeljskomuā tkivu. DobroÄudnost
tumora potvrÄuju i dodatna obilježja: neinvazivni rast, Äesto
stvaranje vezivne kapsule koja odvaja tumor od okolnoga
zdravog tkiva, a najvažnije je obilježje da nema sklonosti metastaziranju.Almost all cancers originate from the malignant
transformation of a single cell - clonal origin of tumours.
However, the inherent genetic instability of malignant phenotype
influenced also by micro- and macroenviromental factors,
leads to subpopulations of malignant cells with diverse
biological characteristics and variations in their metastatic
potential - tumour heterogenesity. The tumour heterogenesity
has led to the concept that at each point in metastatic
process only the most viable cells survive. Therefore, the
metastatic process can be considered as a competition in
which a population of cells within the primary malignant
tumor ultimately prevails as a metastasis. Simple morphological
classification is based upon resemblance to parent tissue.
Benign tumours in general resemble cytologically, histologically
and very frequently functionally the parent tissue.
Furthermore many begnin tumours are circumscribed by connective
tissue capsule, however some are not (i. e. Polyps,
hepatic adenoma, etc). Nevertheless, the definition of benign
tumours is based in their inability to invade adjacent tissue
and to metastasize
Prognostic Markers and Gene Abnormalities in Subgroups of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Single Center Experience
Aim To explore the association between FOXP1, BCL2, and BCL6
gene expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tumor cells and their
association with the presence of FOXP3 lymphocytes.
Methods Samples of lymph nodes from 53 patients with newly diagnosed
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were taken at the time of the diagnosis
and immunostained for CD10, MUM1, BCL6, BCL2, FOXP1,
and FOXP3. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis was used for the
detection of FOXP1, BCL2, and BCL6 gene abnormalities. The Ļ2 test
was used for data analysis.
Results FOXP1 protein was detected in 28 cases, genetic abnormalities
involving the FOXP1 locus were found in 19 cases, and both were
present in 13 cases (Ļ2 =7.157; P = 0.028). FOXP3 positive cells were
detected in 37 cases. There was a significant relationship between BCL2
expression and FOXP1 genetic abnormalities (Ļ2 =5.858; P = 0.016)
and between BCL2 expression and BCL2 genetic abnormalities
(Ļ2=6.349; P = 0.012). There was also an association between BCL6
and FOXP1 genetic abnormalities (Ļ2 =8.497; P = 0.004).
Conclusion Association was observed between additional FOXP1
gene copies and BCL2 protein expression as well as changes on both
FOXP1 and BCL2 genes in samples of our DLBCL patients.. FOXP3
positive cells showed no association with presence of any of analyzed
proteins considered as a prognostic markers in DLBCL neither with
changes of their genes
The Place and Role of Serologic Methods in Detecting Helicobacter Pylori Infection
The aim of the study was to determine the place and role of serologic methods in detecting Helicobacter pylori (H.
pylori) infection, on the basis of estimated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test
(CFT) sensitivity and specificity. A total of 549 patients were included in the study. ELISA and CFT as serologic methods
were compared with invasive methods (rapid urease test ā CLO test, culture, histology). The sensitivity of serologic methods
was above 90%, and their specificity was around 80%. Study results confirmed the value, reliability and usefulness
of serologic methods in the detection of H. pylori infection
"Double hit" lymphoma or secondary MYC translocation lymphoma?
Chromosomal translocations that juxtapose different genes required for proliferation and differentiation are frequently associatedwith hematologic neoplasms. A term "double hit" lymphoma refers to a group of mature B-cell malignancies that harbor MYC rearrangement accompanied with another translocation commonly found in lymphomas (i.e. IGH/BCL2). A complex karyotype with multiple abnormalities and very aggressive course of disease are additional characteristics of this group. The response to currently available treatment regimens is unsatisfying, thus reported overall survival of these patients is usually very short. Today, the precise mechanisms
of "double hit" lymphoma development are still unclear, although several possible pathways have been proposed in the literature. Similar oncogenic chain of events was also observed in another common hematological malignant neoplasm ā multiple myeloma. MYC translocation as a secondary pathogenic phenomenon has been demonstrated in multiple myeloma, as well as complex cytogenetics and very aggressive course of the disease. Therefore, secondary translocation involving MYC gene might be a potential marker of aggressive neoplasms emerging from different cells of origin, and
united under the umbrella of "MYC-plus" malignancies. That concept
might, in the future, result in a novel therapy, targeting this distinct, but not unique cytogenetic aberration
Serum Immunoglobulins in non-Hodgkinās Lymphoma Patients
Serum proteins and immunoglobulin (Ig) findings in 119 non-Hodgkinās lymphoma (NHL) patients were analysed. Out of them 96 (81%) patients had B non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and 23 (19%) T-NHL. Indolent type of NHL was more frequent (77 patients, 65%), then aggressive type of NHL (42 patients, 35%). Most patients had normal serum protein concentration, the increased protein concentration was seen in 17% of patients while decreased concentration was noticed in 7% of patients. Hypoalbuminaemia was more frequent (43%) then hyperalbuminaemia (1%). In contrast to albumin, low levels of other protein fractions (alpha1-, alpha2-, and beta-globulin) were rather rare (0.6%, 4%, and 3% of patients, respectively) and high levels were frequent (23%, 37%, and 8%, respectively). Polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinaemia was more frequent finding than hypoimmunoglobulinaemia. In 29% patients higher IgG level and in 25% patients higher IgA level were found. IgM hypoimmunoglobulinaemia (22%) was more frequent than IgG (11%) and IgA (8%) hypoimmunoglobulinaemia. M-spike in serum protein electrophoresis was found in 11 (7%) patients. The statistically significant association was not found between serum Ig concentration and lymphoma malignancy grade as well as between serum Ig concentration and immunologic origin of lymphoma. T-NHL patients have more often IgA concentration level above or under normal values than B-NHL patients (p<0.05)
CLINICAL FEATURES IN DLBCL AND TRANSLOCATION BCL2/c-MYC āDOUBLE HITā LYMPHOMA
Difuzni B velikostaniÄni limfom (DLBCL) je klasificiran kao limfom razliÄitog entiteta i pomoÄu genske ekspresije proteina klasificiran je u tri podskupine. Cilj ovog rada je da pojasni kliniÄke, bioloÅ”ke, imunofenotipske i citogenetske znaÄajke DLBCL s translokacijom t(14;18) i 8q24/c-MYC. Jedanaest bolesnika s DLBCL s dvostrukom translokacijom praÄeno je u razdoblju od 2000. do 2009. god. Obilježja tih bolesnika ukljuÄuju morfoloÅ”ke, imunohistokemijske i citogenetske analize. Svi bolesnici imaju agresivna obilježja, prisutnost B simptoma (64 %), opÄe stanje bolesnika prema ECOG ljestvici ā„2 (55 %), poviÅ”enu aktivnost serumske laktat dehidrogenaze (73 %), kliniÄki stadij III i IV (82 %), ekstranodalnu zahvaÄenost bolesti (73 %), IPI ā„2 (73 %). Parcijalna remisija je postignuta kod 73 %, svi su bolesnici (73 %) umrli u kratkom roku. Bolesnici su lijeÄeni CHOP i sliÄnim protokolima (COP, CVP, CNOP) uz dodatak Mabthere. UÄinjena je imunofenotipizacija te odreÄena ekspresija biljega CD20, CD3, CD10, Bcl6 i MUM1. u svih je uÄinjena citogenetska analiza ā fluorescentna hibridizacija in situ - FISH)ā”i naÄene su kompleksne kariotipske promjene. Tako smo analizirali prisutnost gena BCL2, BCL6 i c-MYC, osam bolesnika je imalo translokacije gena BCL2 i c-MYC, dok je troje imalo translokaciju gena BCL6 i c-MYC. Usprkos provedenoj adekvatnoj terapiji, prognoza bolesnika je loÅ”a. Medijan preživljenja tih bolesnika je 1,85 godina. ZakljuÄujemo da je DLBCL s BCL2 i c-MYC preureÄenjem podskupina limfoma s vrlo loÅ”im preživljenjem. Prisutnost tih dviju translokacija ima agresivan kliniÄki tijek.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is classified as lymphoma and various entities using the gene expression of proteins are classified into three groups. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, biological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of DLBCL with translocation t (14; 18) and 8q24/c-MYC. Eleven DLBCL patients with dual translation were monitored during the 2000-2009 period. The characteristics of these patients included morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Study results showed that all patients had aggressive characteristics, presence of B symptoms (64%), general patient condition according to ECOG scale ā„2 (55%), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (73%), clinical stage III and IV (82%), extranodal involvement of the disease (73%), and IPI ā„2 (73%). Partial remission was achieved in 73% of all patients and all patients (73%) died within a short time. Patients were treated with CHOP and similar protocols (COP, CVP, CNOP), with the addition of MabThera. Immunophenotyping was performed and determined expression of the CD20, CD3, CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 markers. The cytogenetic analysis/fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed complex karyotype changes. Thus, we analyzed the presence of BCL2, BCL6 and c-MYC genes and found eight patients to have BCL2 and c-MYC translocation genes, while three had translocation of the BCL6 and c-MYC genes. Despite appropriate therapy, the patient prognosis is poor. The median survival in these patients was 1.85 years. DLBCL with BCL2 and c-MYC rearrangement of the subgroups of lymphoma is associated with very poor survival. The presence of these two translocations has an aggressive clinical course
ORBITAL AMYLOIDOSIS
Background. Authors want to present echographic characteristics of two stages of development of bilateral orbital involvement in primary systemic amyloidosis in 10-year follow-up of a case.Methods. A 65-year old white female with 10-year-long history of orbital involvement in primary systemic amyloidosis presented to us with large nasal left upper palpebro-bulbar mass that produced lateral displacement of the globe, marked reduction of ocular motility in all directions and ptosis covering the pupil. Direct and transbulbar echography, pathohistological analysis, and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the diagnosis of amyloid. The mass was partially removed and the lid reconstructed.Results. The echographic examination of the orbits performed in 1990Ā showed an epibulbar and parabulbar low-reflectivity orbital mass in the upper temporal part of the right orbit. A widened right lateral rectus muscle of low reflectivity was also documented. Ten years later direct echography of the medial part of the left upper lid discloses palpebral extension of the orbital mass. It has irregular, inhomogeneous, medium to high reflectivity with rough granular structure and calcifications. Transbulbar echography revealed changes in both orbits. There is widening of the orbital fat echo with the higher reflectivity. All extraocular muscles are enlarged, including insertions. The widest is the right lateral rectus muscle. The muscle sheaths are thickened, widened with easily detected higher inner reflectivity than in the muscle itself. There is irregular, inhomogeneous, medium to high reflectivity of the muscles with scarce calcification.Conclusions. The initial stage of orbital amyloidosis is characterized with low reflectivity. Ten years later, the mass reflectivity inhomogeneously increased and calcifications developed.</p