Color Reduction Of Black Liquor From Cotton Cellulose Industry Using Ozonation In An Alkaline Medium [ozonização Em Meio Básico Para Redução De Cor Do Licor Negro De Indústria De Celulose De Algodão]

Pulp and paper mills discharge large amounts of wastewater containing high concentrations of lignin, a coloring substance that is dangerous and presents high toxicity to the environment. In this study, ozonation in alkaline ambience was evaluated for color reduction in black liquor, generated in a cotton linter mill. It was observed that the ozonation time to reach 80% color reduction was higher at a lower initial ozone dose (0,4 gO3 L-1 h-1) in comparison to a higher initial ozone dose (4,3 gO3 L-1 h-1). On the other hand, the amount of consumed oxidant was lower at the lower ozone dose. It is suggested that molecular oxygen participates in the oxidation mechanism of colored compounds, which is initiated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) formed during ozonation in alkaline ambience.1519398(2005) Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater, , APHA/AWWA/WEF, 21th ed. American Public Health Association: Washington, DCBajpai, P., Mehna, A., Bajpai, P.K., Decolorization of kraft bleach plant effluent with the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor (1993) Process Biochemistry, 28 (6), pp. 377-384Beltran, F.J., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, J.F., Industrial wastewater advanced oxidation. part-i: Uv radiation in presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide (1997) Water Research, 31 (10), pp. 2405-2414Bertazzoli, R., Pelegrini, R., Descoloração e degradação de poluentes orgânicos em soluções aquosas através do processo fotoeletroquímico (2002) Química Nova, 25 (3), pp. 477-482Bijan, L., Mohseni, M., Using ozone to reduce recalcitrant compounds and to enhance biodegradability of pulp and paper effluents (2004) Water Science and Technology, 50 (3), pp. 173-182Kreetachat, T., Effects of ozonation process on lignin-derived compounds in pulp and paper mill effluents (2007) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142 (1-2), pp. 250-257Ksibi, M., Photodegradation of lignin from black liquor using a UV/ TiO2 system (2003) Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry, 154 (2-3), pp. 211-218Langlais, B., Reckhow, D.A., Brink, D.R., (1991) Ozone In Water Treatment: Application and Engineering, , Chelsea: AWWA Research Foundation, Lewis PublishersLevenspiel, O., (2000) Engenharia Das Reações Químicas, , São Paulo, Editora Edgard Blücher LtdaMànsson, P., Oster, R., Ozonization of kraft lignin (1988) Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 3 (2), pp. 75-81Mantzavinos, D., Psillakis, E., Enhancement of biodegradability of industrial wastewaters by chemical oxidation pre-treatment (2004) Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79 (5), pp. 431-454Medeiros, D.R., Pires, E.C., Mohseni, M., Ozone oxidation of pulp and paper wastewater and its impact on molecular weight distribution of organic matter (2008) Ozone Science & Engineering, 30 (1), pp. 105-110Medeiros, D.R., Pires, E.C., Mohseni, M., Ozonização do efluente de extração alcalina e seu impacto sobre a biodegradabilidade e distribuição do peso molecular dos compostos orgânicos (2008) O Papel, 3, pp. 49-59Nakamura, Y., Daidai, M., Kobayashi, F., Ozonolysis mechanism of lignin model compounds and microbial treatment of organic acids produced (2004) Water Science and Technology, 50 (3), pp. 167-172Pan, X.M., Schuchmann, M.N., von Sonntag, C., Oxidation of benzene by the OH radical. A product and pulse radiolysis study in oxygenated aqueous solution (1993) Journal of The Chemical Society, 2 (3), pp. 289-297. , Perkin TransactionsSaroj, D.P., Mineralization of Some Natural Refractory Organic Compounds by Biodegradation and Ozonation (2005) Water Research, 39 (9), pp. 1921-1933Torrades, F., Experimental design of fenton and photo-fenton reactions for the treatment of cellulose bleaching effluents (2003) Chemosphere, 53 (10), pp. 1211-1220von Guntenu, U., Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation (2003) Water Research, 37 (7), pp. 1443-1467Zaied, M., Bellakhal, N., Electrocoagulation treatment of black liquor from paper industry (2009) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), pp. 995-100

Abamectin Degradation By Advanced Oxidation Processes: Evaluation Of Toxicity Reduction Using Daphnia Similis

This work evaluated the toxicity reduction of abamectin in an aqueous solution (500 μg L-1) undergoing to photolysis (UV), peroxidation (H2O2), peroxidation with ultraviolet radiation (UV/H 2O2), Fenton (Fe(II)/H2O2), and photo-Fenton (Fe(II)/UV/H2O2) processes. Toxicity trials were carried out using the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. Results were based on effective concentration, EC50 48 h. Using 1.0 mmol L-1 Fe (II) and 5.0 mmol L-1 H2O2 and a reaction time of 60 s, the ranking of efficiency for the degradation of abamectin was as follows: Photo- Fenton > Fenton > UV = UV/ H2O2 > H2O2. However, after a reaction time of 300 s, similar degradation was obtained for photo-Fenton, UV, and UV/H2O2 (more than 97%), while the Fenton process degraded 80% of the drug. With the exception of peroxidation, all of the processes evaluated were able to eliminate toxicity in 600 s of reaction (1.0 mmol L-1 Fe(II) and 5.0 mmol L-1 H2O2). © 2014 Science & Technology Network, Inc.1718292Seelanan, P., Srisa-Art, M., Petsom, A., Nhujak, T., (2006) Anal. Chim. Acta, 570, pp. 8-14Disenrens, H., Henzelin, M., (1999) J. Chromatogr., 833, pp. 13-18Borges, F.A., Silva, H.C., Buzzulini, C., Soares, V.E., Santos, E., Oliveira, G.P., Costa, A.J., (2008) Vet. Parasitol., 155, pp. 299-307Tisler, T., Erzen, N.K., (2006) Ecotoxicology, 15, pp. 495-502Hernando, M.D., Mezcua, M., Fernández-Alba, A.R., Barceló, D., (2006) Talanta, 69, pp. 334-342Vogna, D., Marotta, R., Andreozzi, R., Napolitano, A., Ischia, M., (2004) Chemosphere, 54, pp. 497-505Boonstra, H., Reichman, E.P., Brink, P.J., (2011) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 60, pp. 77-89Holmstrup, M., Bindesbol, A.M., Oosting, G.J., Duschl, A., Scheil, V., Kohler, H.R., Loureiro, S., Spurgeon, D.J., (2010) Sci. Total Environ., 408, pp. 3746-3762Schweitzer, N., Fink, G., Ternes, T.A., Duis, K., (2010) Aquat. Toxicol., 97, pp. 304-313Pitterna, T., Cassayre, J., Huter, O.F., Jung, P.M.J., Maienfish, P., Kessabi, F.M., Quaranta, L., Tobler, H., (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, pp. 4085-4095Garric, J., Vollat, B., Duis, K., Péry, A., Junker, T., Ramil, M., Fink, G., Ternes, T.A., (2007) Chemosphere, 69, pp. 903-910Sanderson, H., Laird, B., Pope, L., Brain, R., Wilson, C., Johnson, D., Bryning, G., Solomon, K., (2007) Aquat. Toxicol., 58, pp. 229-240Jencic, V., Cerne, M., Erzen, N.K., Kobal, S., Flajs, V.C., (2006) Ecotoxicology, 15, pp. 249-257Erzen, N.K., Kolar, L., Flajs, V.C., Kuzner, J., Marc, I., Pogacnik, M., (2005) Ecotoxicity, (14), pp. 627-635Brewer, B.N., Armbrust, K.L., Mead, K.T., Holmes, W.E., (2004) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 18, pp. 1693-1696Novelli, A., Vieira, B.H., Vasconcelos, A.M., Peret, A.C., Espíndola, E.L.G., (2012) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 75, pp. 87-93Novelli, A., Vieira, B.H., Cordeiro, D., Cappelini, L.T.D., Vieira, E.M., Espíndola, E.L.G., (2012) Chemosphere, 86, pp. 36-40Neyens, E., Baeyens, J., (2003) J. Hazard. Mater., 98, pp. 33-50Xu, X.R., Li, H.B., Wang, W.H., Gu, J.D., (2004) Chemosphere, 57, pp. 595-600Nogueira, R.F.P., Oliveira, M.C., Paterlini, W.C., (2005) Talanta, 66, pp. 86-91ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) NBR 12713 - Aquatic ecotoxicology - Acute Toxicity - Test with Daphnia spp (Cladocera, Crustacea) 2009Hamilton, M.A., Russo, R.C., Thurston, R.V., (1977) Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, pp. 714-719Ben, W., Qiang, Z., Pan, X., Chen, M., (2009) Water Res., 43, pp. 4392-4402Escalada, J.P., Gianotti, J., Pajares, A., Massad, W.A., Amat-Guerri, F., Garcia, N.A., (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, pp. 7355-7359Da Silva, C.R., Maniero, M.G., Rath, S., Guimarães, J.R., (2011) J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., 14, pp. 106-114Yuang, F., Hu, C., Hu, X., Qu, J., Yang, M., (2009) Water Res., 43, pp. 1766-1774Ay, F., Kargi, F., (2010) J. Hazard. Mater., 179, pp. 622-627Catalkaya, E.C., Kargi, F., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 168, pp. 688-694Dal Bosco, S.M., Barbosa, I.M., Candello, F.P., Maniero, M.G., Rath, S., Guimarães, J.R., (2011) J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., 14, pp. 292-301Elmolla, E., Chaudhuri, M., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 172, pp. 1476-1481Fallmann, H., Krutzler, T., Bauer, R., Malato, S., Blanco, J., (1999) Catal. Today, 54, pp. 309-319Fan, C., Tsui, L., Liao, M.C., (2011) Chemosphere, 82, pp. 229-236Nogueira, R.F.P., Trovó, A.G., Silva, M.R.A., Villa, R.D., (2007) Quim. Nova, 30, pp. 400-408Klamerth, N., Rizzo, L., Malato, R.S., Maldonado, M.I., Aguera, A., Férnandez-Alba, A.R., (2010) Water Res., 44, pp. 545-554Guimarães, J.R., Gasparini, M.C., Maniero, M.G., Mendes, C.G.N., (2012) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 23, pp. 1680-1687Lu, L.A., Ma, Y.S., Kumar, M., Lin, J.G., (2011) Chem. Eng. J., 166, pp. 150-156Legrini, O., Oliveros, E., Braun, A.M., (1993) Chemosphere, 93, pp. 698-671Buratini, S.V., Bertoletti, E., Zagatto, P.A., (2004) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 73, pp. 878-88