FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-ACNE GEL CONTAINING MURRAYA KOEINIGII EXTRACT

Objective: Acne, one among the very fashionable socially distressing skin conditions created by Propionibacterium acne have generally been treated by antibiotics. Within the light of the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, natural plant products are applied as a safer alternative. Keeping the very fact in the background, during this research work, the formulation of gel from the extracts of Murraya koeinigii leaves are prepared and evaluated as an anti-acne drug. Methods: The fresh leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical and antimicrobial screening. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) decided. Gel formulation of the extracts was developed and evaluated. The manufactured formulations were subjected to In vitro antibacterial activity against P. acnes, S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The marker compound, clindamycin, in herbal anti-acne preparation, was kept for the comparison with the zones of inhibition for antibacterial activity. Results: Anti-acne property was explored with the help of a standard curve and by comparing diffusion profiles by taking clindamycin as a reference. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that addition of permeation enhancer in the test formulation will improve the diffusion profile and thus it was designed to add permeation enhancer

Nutritional status of under-five children in rural Bangladesh

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis.  Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area

PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE

The objective of the present review is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals against arthritis, which is asymptomatic disorder of chronic joint inflammation followed by swelling and pain. Here, we discussed about the anti-arthritic activity of many phytomolecules such as Norisoboldine, Berberine, Triptolide, Hesperidin Hesperidin, Madecassocide, Hydroxy napthoquinone, Ginsenoside, Cryptotanshinone, Kirenol, Thymoquinone, Chlorogenic acid, Curcumin, Bromelain, Andrographolide and Allicin. These compounds are able to control inflammatory responses, proinflammatory cytokines, osteoclast differentiation and to prevent bone erosion in the joints. In this article, we reviewed anti-arthritic activities of phytichemicals from 2011-2019, using various scientific websites like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct etc. Till date clinical trials conducted with anti-arthritic phytomolecules are very less. Hence, more clinical trials are needed to bring plant molecules as safe and effective anti-arthritic drugs in the market, either alone or in combination with other anti-arthritic agents

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Not AvailableThe Indian Sundarbans is a coastal delta and major climate hotspot located in the state of West Bengal. The delta faces significant climatic challenges. The residents mainly depend on agriculture, livestock rearing and fishing. They face challenges of poverty, marginalization and an acute struggle against geo-climatic events. The present study was conducted to know the socio economic status of the farming community under the given resources viz. demographic, physical, economic, natural and social. A total of 120 mixed farmers were randomly selected from 10 villages of 5 blocks of Indian Sundarbans for the purpose of the study. The independent variables were calculated using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation methods. Based on the primary data which were collected by personal interview, it was found that the respondents were marginal farmers having average operational land holding of 0.41 hectare. The cropping intensity was 155.10 percent which means the area is under two crops in a year. They practiced diversified cropping pattern in an agriculture year in upland, medium land and lowland area.53.83 percentage of land holding was supplied with irrigation annually. The herd composed of cattle, sheep and goat. The productivity of both indigenous and cross bred cattle was 1.53kg/day and 2.90 kg/day respectively which were very low. 53.96 percent of the average income was earned from crop cultivation, 15.67 percent from livestock and 29.96 percent from fisheries.42.5 percent household having credit accessibility and majority did not get credit from any sources. All the respondents had experienced extreme climatic events during last 10 years. It was found that 31.67 percent of the family respondent had migrated to cities in search of employment. 81.67 percent respondents were having extension contact. Out of which 86.73 percent having extension contact for crop cultivation, 70.41 percent having extension contact for livestock rearing and 45.92 percent having extension contact for fishing. This study provides a reasonable coverage of key socio-economic dimensions that will help the policy maker while formulating any strategies for the farming community of the climate sensitive Indian Sunderbans.Not Availabl

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign tumour of neural crest origin that was first described by Krompecher in 1918.1 It is predominantly found in infancy, with about 92% of cases below the age of 12 months and 82% below the age of 6 months. The predominant site of origin is in the premaxilla though it is reported at other sites also including the skull, the mandible, the epididymis and the brain.2 The lesions often have areas of bluish discolouration on the surface and are characterised by displacement of the involved tooth bud and local aggressiveness. The present report deals with two cases of MNTI, a 5-month-old baby girl and a 6-month-old baby boy who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India. The clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings, confirmed the diagnosis of MNTI. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse aneuploidy. The tumours were treated surgically with no history of recurrence to date

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Not AvailableClimate change is a world-wide event. The climate change of Indian Sundarbans reveal the changes in air temperature, surface water temperature, rainfall and monsoonal pattern, salinity regimes, cyclonic storms and depressions, sea level rise, erosion and accretion. To cope up with the adverse impact of climate change, farmers made adjustment in their farming practices. The present study was designed to determine the differential level of adoption of the prelisted adaptation strategies to climate change. A total 120 farmers who were growing crops, rearing livestock as well as involve in fish farming, simultaneously were selected from 5 blocks of the Indian Sundarbans. For assessing differential level of adoption, Cumulative square root frequency method was used to categories households into three categories namely lower level of adoption (low); medium level of adoption (medium); and higher level of adoption (high).The level of adoption of the adaptation strategy was measured under four components namely, crop cultivation, livestock rearing, fish farming and other farming activities. It was found that majority of the respondents had high level of adoption in crop cultivation practices, medium level of adoption for livestock rearing and other farm practices, while, they had low level of adoption in fish farming.Not Availabl

Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Study of new Plant Growth Promoters: 3,30-Diindolylmethane and its Derivatives

—3,30-Diindolylmethane (DIM) derivatives 3a–k, prepared in one-pot from indoles 1a–k and hexamethylenetetramine (2) using ionic liquid [Bmim]BF4 as eco-friendly recyclable solvent as well as catalyst, showed good plant growth promoting activity on Oryza sativa. Among the DIM derivatives synthesized 3c shows potent auxin like growth promoting activity

Unraveling Multicopper [Cu₃] and [Cu₆] Clusters with Rare μ₃‑Sulfato and Linear μ₂‑Oxido-Bridges as Potent Antibiofilm Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

In this research article, two multicopper [Cu3] and [Cu6] clusters, [Cu3(cpdp)(μ3-SO4)(Cl)(H2O)2]·3H2O (1) and [Cu6(cpdp)2(μ2-O)(Cl)2(H2O)4]·2Cl (2) (H3cpdp = N,N′-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N′-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol), have been explored as potent antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Their molecular structures have been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, and the compositions have been established by thermal and elemental analyses, including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Structural analysis shows that the metallic core of 1 is composed of a trinuclear [Cu3] assembly encapsulating a μ3-SO42– group, whereas the structure of 2 represents a hexanuclear [Cu6] assembly in which two trinuclear [Cu3] motifs are exclusively bridged by a linear μ2-O2– group. The most striking feature of the structure of 2 is the occurrence of an unusual linear oxido-bridge, with the Cu3–O6–Cu3′ bridging angle being 180.00°. Whereas 1 can be viewed as an example of a copper(II)-based compound displaying a rare μ3:η1:η1:η1 bridging mode of the SO42– group, 2 is the first example of any copper(II)-based compound showing an unsupported linear Cu–O–Cu oxido-bridge. Employing variable-temperature SQUID magnetometry, the magnetic susceptibility data were measured and analyzed exemplarily for 1 in the temperature range of 2–300 K, revealing the occurrence of antiferromagnetic interactions among the paramagnetic copper centers. Both 1 and 2 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA BAA1717) and the clinically isolated culture of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA CI1). The mechanism of antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of these multicopper clusters was investigated by analyzing and determining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, microscopic observation of cell membrane disruption, membrane potential, and leakage of cellular components. Additionally, 1 and 2 showed a synergistic effect with commercially available antibiotics such as vancomycin with enhanced antibacterial activity. However, 1 possesses higher antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence actions, making it a potent therapeutic agent against both MRSA BAA1717 and MRSA CI1 strains

Unraveling Multicopper [Cu₃] and [Cu₆] Clusters with Rare μ₃‑Sulfato and Linear μ₂‑Oxido-Bridges as Potent Antibiofilm Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

In this research article, two multicopper [Cu3] and [Cu6] clusters, [Cu3(cpdp)(μ3-SO4)(Cl)(H2O)2]·3H2O (1) and [Cu6(cpdp)2(μ2-O)(Cl)2(H2O)4]·2Cl (2) (H3cpdp = N,N′-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N′-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol), have been explored as potent antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Their molecular structures have been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, and the compositions have been established by thermal and elemental analyses, including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Structural analysis shows that the metallic core of 1 is composed of a trinuclear [Cu3] assembly encapsulating a μ3-SO42– group, whereas the structure of 2 represents a hexanuclear [Cu6] assembly in which two trinuclear [Cu3] motifs are exclusively bridged by a linear μ2-O2– group. The most striking feature of the structure of 2 is the occurrence of an unusual linear oxido-bridge, with the Cu3–O6–Cu3′ bridging angle being 180.00°. Whereas 1 can be viewed as an example of a copper(II)-based compound displaying a rare μ3:η1:η1:η1 bridging mode of the SO42– group, 2 is the first example of any copper(II)-based compound showing an unsupported linear Cu–O–Cu oxido-bridge. Employing variable-temperature SQUID magnetometry, the magnetic susceptibility data were measured and analyzed exemplarily for 1 in the temperature range of 2–300 K, revealing the occurrence of antiferromagnetic interactions among the paramagnetic copper centers. Both 1 and 2 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA BAA1717) and the clinically isolated culture of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA CI1). The mechanism of antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of these multicopper clusters was investigated by analyzing and determining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, microscopic observation of cell membrane disruption, membrane potential, and leakage of cellular components. Additionally, 1 and 2 showed a synergistic effect with commercially available antibiotics such as vancomycin with enhanced antibacterial activity. However, 1 possesses higher antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence actions, making it a potent therapeutic agent against both MRSA BAA1717 and MRSA CI1 strains