Die funksie en boodskap van die ‘voorwoord’ in 1 Korintiërs

The function and message of the ‘preface’ in 1 Corinthians Paul’s thanksgiving and confession of faith in 1 Corinthians 1:4-9 fulfil the role of the classical preface to arrest the attention of his audience, to seek their goodwill, and to prepare them for instruction in a delicate matter through insinuation. The Corinthians, who boast of their own excellence and privileges, are confronted with God’s abundant and undeserved grace which will unite them to the Christ as the beginning, the continuation and the end of their whole life.

Cryopreservation of sheathed third-stage larvae of Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm of dogs) and Ancylostoma tubaeforme (hookworm of cats)

Sheathed infective third-stage larvae of Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma tubaeforme were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The survival rates, as assessed by motility, were A. caninum 49,2% and A. tubaeforme 51 ,5% after 30 d of cryopreservation .The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Studies on the parasites of zebras. V. Nematodes of the Burchell's and Hartmann's mountain zebras from the Etosha National Park, South West Africa/Namibia

Nine Burchell's and 6 Hartmann's mountain zebras were culled during the 3 climatic periods characteristic of the Etosha National Park, South West Africa/Namibia, and were examined for helminths. The Burchell's zebras ranged in age from 4 1/2 to 19 years and the mountain zebras from 3 1/2 to 13 years. Twenty-five species of nematodes, belonging to the families Atractidae, Strongylidae, Oxyuridae, Onchocercidae and Habronematidae, were recovered. Of the family Cyathostominae, the following species were the most numerous in the Burchell's zebras: Cyathostomum montgomeryi (7 120-67 042), Cylicocyclus triramosus (11-34 540), Cylicostephanus minutus (4 698--40 019) and Cylindropharynx sp.(? intermedia) (3 591-40 018). The atractids present were: Crossocephalus viviparus (20-5 045 212) and Probstmayria vivipara (5 140-3 801 300). Three of the above cyathostome species were also most abundant in mountain zebras: Cylicocyclus triramosus (54-19 782), Cylicostephanus minutus (555-12 396) and Cylindropharynx sp. (? intermedia) (3-5 325). New reports include Cylicostephanus longiconus in the Burchell's zebras and Cyathostomum alveatum, Cyathostomum montgomeryi, Cylicostephanus bidentatus and Draschia megastoma in the mountain zebra. The overwintering of 4th stage cyathostomes in the gut walls and their emergence which differ in the 2 hosts, are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Studies on the parasites of zebras. IV. Cylicodontophorus reineckei n.sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum H. Smith, 1841 and the mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae Matschie, 1898

A new species of nematode, Cylicodontophorus reineckei, was collected from Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum H. Smith, 1841, in both the Etosha National and Kruger National Parks and from mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae Matschie, 1898, in the Namib Naukluft Park in South West Afrfca/Namibia. These nematodes have an external leaf-crown with longer elements than those of the internal leaf-crown and a well-developed dorsal gutter. The very well-developed oesophageal funnel is both wider and deeper than the buccal capsule.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.am201

Recovery of helminths postmortem from equines. I. Parasites in arteries, subperitoneum, liver and lungs

The entire gastro-intestinal tract and viscera of the abdomen and thorax, including the heart, aorta and its branches to the viscera, are removed from the carcass. All the branches of the aorta, with the exception of the A. gastrica sinistra, are dissected from the intestinal tract, and subsequently each branch is isolated from the mesentery, fat, pancreas, kidneys, etc. Usually, the A. ileocolica is grossly enlarged due to chronic arteritis with thrombus formation caused by 4th stage larvae, 4th moult and 5th stage Strongylus vulgaris. Descriptions of methods to examine the subperitoneal tissues, liver and lungs are included.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Scanning electron microscopy of Strongylus spp. in zebra

The external ultrastructure of the anterior and posterior extremities of the nematodes, Strongylus asini, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus and Strongylus edentatus, was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh specimens of S. asini were collected from the caecum, ventral colon and vena portae of Equus burchelli and Equus zebra hartmannae; S. vulgaris from the caecum, colon and arteria ileocolica of E. burchelli; S. equinus from the ventral colon of E. z. hartmannae and S. edentatus from the caecum and ventral colon of both zebras, during surveys of parasites in zebras in the Etosha Game Reserve, South West Africa/Namibia, and the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. The worms were cleaned, fixed and mounted by standard methods and photographed in a JEOL JSM- 35C scanning electron microscope (SEM) operating at 12kV. The SEM showed the following differences: the tips of the external leaf-crowns varied and were fine and delicate in S. asini, coarse and broad in S. vulgaris and, in S. equinus and S.edentatus, closely adherent, separating into single elements for half their length. The excretory pores showed only slight variation, and the morphology of the copulatory bursae did not differ from those seen with light microscopy. The genital cones differed markedly: S. asini had a ventral triangular projection and laterally 2 finger-like projections: in S. vulgaris there were numerous bosses on the lateral and ventral aspects of the cone; in S. equinus 2 finger-like processes projected laterocaudally; and in S. edentatus 2 pairs of papilla-like processes projected laterally on the ventral aspects, and a pair of rounded projections and a pair of hair-like structures adorned the dorsal aspects. The most significant micrograph was the shedding of the cuticle of the 4th moult of a female S. asini.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.University of Pretoria. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of South Africa

The recovery of helminths postmortem from equines. II. Helminths and larvae of Gasterophilus from the gastro-intestinal tract and oestrids from the sinuses.

The tongue, pharynx, oesophagus and gums are examined for larvae of Gasterophilus spp., and the nose and sinuses for oestrid larvae. The gastro-intestinal tract is divided into separate specimens- stomach, small intestine, caecum, ventral colon, dorsal colon, descending colon and rectum and each is examined separately. Aliquots of ingesta of 1/4 by mass of the stomach and 1/10 by mass of the small intestine, caecum, ventral colon and dorsal colon are collected for microscopic examination. Each part of the wall of the caecum, ventral and dorsal colon is washed and specimens are collected for subsequent examination. The gut wall of the caecum and colon is examined macroscopically for larval stages. Ingesta in the descending colon are examined macroscopically for Gasterophilus larvae.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Clinical evaluation of anaemia in sheep: early trials

Trials were conducted on a farm in Mpumalanga Province in South Africa to test the possibility of grading the colour of the ocular mucous membranes of sheep as an indication of the extent to which the animals are affected by Haemonchus contortus infection. The range of observed colour shades were classified into five categories, from red, through red-pink, pink and pink-white to white. Over a period of 125 days routine drenching of a flock of 388 sheep on irrigated kikuyu ( Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture was terminated. During this time the animals were examined at practically weekly intervals and haematocrit determinations done for all the sheep with pale conjunctivae. Only those sheep having a haematocrit of 15% or lower were treated. Compared to a previous drenching tempo of close to every 3 weeks during the Haemonchus season on the farm, drenching was reduced by approximately 90%, as 70% of the sheep did not require salvage drenching and only 10% of the flock had to be given more than one salvage treatment. At the time of the trial the five clinical classifications were not related to predetermined haematocrit categories. However, when compared to categories that were set in later trials, 94% of the clinical estimates in the present trial were either in the correct haematocrit category, or, if not, the sheep were probably not disadvantaged by the errors. In 2.6% of cases the incorrect estimate may have placed the sheep concerned in jeopardy, as the haematocrit values were so low that salvage drenching was required, while the sheep were not regarded as anaemic. Changes in the mean haematocrit values of drenched and undrenched sheep were mirrored reciprocally by the changes in clinical colour estimates. Lactating ewes were by far the most susceptible class of sheep, as only 44.6% of them were able to manage without drenching, compared to 83% of dry, and 70.6% of pregnant ewes. Correlations between the haematocrits and clinical estimates were highly significant, although the associations were not high enough to give reasonable surety that the haematocrit values of individual animals could be predicted with confidence from their clinical classifications. Exceptionally large numbers of worms were recovered from seven of the 14 sheep that were culled because of age at the end of the trial, but these were reflected neither in their faecal worm egg counts, nor, with one exception only, in clinical signs.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Studies on Strongylus asini. I. Experimental infestation of equines

Infective larvae were harvested from a culture of eggs collected from adult Strongylus asini recovered from a free-ranging Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli, in the Kruger National Park. Worm-free zebra, horse and donkey foals were successfully infested, but infestation failed in a mule foal. At slaughter, 117-125 days post-infestation, S. asini in their 4th moult were recovered from the liver and portal veins. This is the first report of successful experimental infestation of these hosts with S. asini.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Molineus cati n. sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea), a parasite of feral cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 in South Africa

A new species of the genus Molineus Cameron, 1923 was recovered from feral cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758, in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Because of a caudal bursa with rays of the 2-1-2 type, but with the extremities of rays 4 nearer those of rays 3 than those of rays 5, the new species is closely related to seven Neotropical Molineus spp., four parasitic in Primates, two parasitic in Mustelidae and one a parasite of Procyonidae. Amongst these species, only Molineus barbaris Cameron, 1936, a parasite of Tayra barbara (Mustelidae) from Trinidad and Molineus vexillarius (Dunn, 1961), a parasite of Tamarinus nigricollis (Primates) from Peru have rays 4 longer than two-thirds the length of rays 3, like the new species. However, the new species is differentiated from the other two in that rays 9 arise at the level of the bifurcation of the dorsal ray and not after the division as is the case with M. barbaris and M. vexillarius.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201