2,365 research outputs found
Quantum radiation by electrons in lasers and the Unruh effect
In addition to the Larmor radiation known from classical electrodynamics,
electrons in a laser field may emit pairs of entangled photons -- which is a
pure quantum effect. We investigate this quantum effect and discuss why it is
suppressed in comparison with the classical Larmor radiation (which is just
Thomson backscattering of the laser photons). Further, we provide an intuitive
explanation of this process (in a simplified setting) in terms of the Unruh
effect.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Dynamical Casimir effect with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions
We derive the radiation pressure force on a non-relativistic moving plate in
1+1 dimensions. We assume that a massless scalar field satisfies either
Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions (BC) at the instantaneous position of
the plate. We show that when the state of the field is invariant under time
translations, the results derived for Dirichlet and Neumann BC are equal. We
discuss the force for a thermal field state as an example for this case. On the
other hand, a coherent state introduces a phase reference, and the two types of
BC lead to different results.Comment: 12 page
Gauge Theories with Cayley-Klein and Gauge Groups
Gauge theories with the orthogonal Cayley-Klein gauge groups and
are regarded. For nilpotent values of the contraction
parameters these groups are isomorphic to the non-semisimple Euclid,
Newton, Galilei groups and corresponding matter spaces are fiber spaces with
degenerate metrics. It is shown that the contracted gauge field theories
describe the same set of fields and particle mass as gauge
theories, if Lagrangians in the base and in the fibers all are taken into
account. Such theories based on non-semisimple contracted group provide more
simple field interactions as compared with the initial ones.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Radiation Pressure as a Source of Decoherence
We consider the interaction of an harmonic oscillator with the quantum field
via radiation pressure. We show that a `Schrodinger cat' state decoheres in a
time scale that depends on the degree of `classicality' of the state
components, and which may be much shorter than the relaxation time scale
associated to the dynamical Casimir effect. We also show that decoherence is a
consequence of the entanglement between the quantum states of the oscillator
and field two-photon states. With the help of the fluctuation-dissipation
theorem, we derive a relation between decoherence and damping rates valid for
arbitrary values of the temperature of the field. Coherent states are selected
by the interaction as pointer states.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, RevTex fil
Lateral Casimir-Polder force with corrugated surfaces
We derive the lateral Casimir-Polder force on a ground state atom on top of a
corrugated surface, up to first order in the corrugation amplitude. Our
calculation is based on the scattering approach, which takes into account
nonspecular reflections and polarization mixing for electromagnetic quantum
fluctuations impinging on real materials. We compare our first order exact
result with two commonly used approximation methods. We show that the proximity
force approximation (large corrugation wavelengths) overestimates the lateral
force, while the pairwise summation approach underestimates it due to the
non-additivity of dispersion forces. We argue that a frequency shift
measurement for the dipolar lateral oscillations of cold atoms could provide a
striking demonstration of nontrivial geometrical effects on the quantum vacuum.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, contribution to QFEXT07 proceeding
Tracking beats and microtiming in Afro-Latin American music using conditional random fields and deep learning
Trabajo presentado en ISMIR 2019 : 20th Conference of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval, Delft, Netherlands, 4-8 nov, 2019PostprintEvents in music frequently exhibit small-scale temporal deviations (microtiming), with respect to the underlying regular metrical grid. In some cases, as in music from the Afro-Latin American tradition, such deviations appear systematically, disclosing their structural importance in rhythmic and stylistic configuration. In this work we explore the idea of automatically and jointly tracking beats and microtiming in timekeeper instruments of Afro-Latin American music, in particular Brazilian samba and Uruguayan candombe. To that end, we propose a language model based on conditional random fields that integrates beat and onset likelihoods as observations. We derive those activations using deep neural networks and evaluate its performance on manually annotated data using a scheme adapted to this task. We assess our approach in controlled conditions suitable for these timekeeper instruments, and study the microtiming profiles’ dependency on genre and performer, illustrating promising aspects of this technique towards a more comprehensive understanding of these music traditions
Gravitational decoherence of planetary motions
We study the effect of the scattering of gravitational waves on planetary
motions, say the motion of the Moon around the Earth. Though this effect has a
negligible influence on dissipation, it dominates fluctuations and the
associated decoherence mechanism, due to the very high effective temperature of
the background of gravitational waves in our galactic environment.Comment: 6 pages, no figure, to appear in EuroPhysics Letters; needs `epl.cls
On the embedding of branes in five-dimensional spaces
We investigate the embedding of four-dimensional branes in five-dimensional
spaces. We firstly consider the case when the embedding space is a vacuum bulk
whose energy-momentum tensor consists of a Dirac delta function with support in
the brane. We then consider the embedding in the context of
Randall-Sundrum-type models, taking into account symmetry and a
cosmological constant. We employ the Campbell-Magaard theorem to construct the
embeddings and are led to the conclusion that the content of energy-matter of
the brane does not necessarily determine its curvature. Finally, as an
application to illustrate our results, we construct the embedding of Minkowski
spacetime filled with dust.Comment: 12 pages - REVTEX To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Minifábricas: tecnologia social para processamento de castanha de caju.
O objetivo principal dessa sistematização Ă© avaliar uma experiĂŞncia de intervenção para o desenvolvimento local, gerando aprendizado para subsidiar futuras ações de TT, por meio de erros e acertos. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar e compreender os fatores que influenciaram a paralisação de 90% das minifábricas de castanha-de-caju, a partir de uma análise em trĂŞs nĂveis: o papel da organização social; as relações de poder; e a gestĂŁo administrativa, econĂ´mica e financeira. Ao mesmo tempo, analisou-se o mĂ©todo de transferĂŞncia de tecnologia e construção do conhecimento.bitstream/item/176503/1/OLV18001.pd
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