Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome (LMBBS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder, which is characterized principally by cardinal symptoms of marked central obesity, retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism and renal dysfunction. Case presentation: We report a case of a 20-year-old male who presented to us with history of fever, vomiting and dizziness. He was incidentally diagnosed as a case of LMBBS as the patient was having polydactyly, retinitis pigmentosa, central obesity, hypogonadism and low IQ. Conclusion: Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a very rare syndrome with very low incidence; hence, we are reporting this case. In addition, we advice more diligent approach from various specialties, so that this syndrome can be picked up at an early age

Prevalence of smoking habit and its variations in patients reporting to a private dental institution: a retrospective study

 The prevalence of tobacco use has increased over the past decades. Traditional forms like betel quid, tobacco with lime and tobacco tooth powder are commonly used, and the use of new products is increasing, not only among men but also among children, teenagers and women. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of smoking habits and its variations in patients reporting to a private Dental University, India. The case sheets of patients were obtained from the patient record system. The data of each patient regarding the duration, type and pattern of smoking habit was obtained and tabulated. The results of the study show prevalence of the pattern of smoking habit in conventional smoking is 69% and in reverse smoking is 31%. Prevalence of type of smoking tobacco showed prevalence of cigarettes to be 96% and to be bidi 4%. The present study shows there is a significant association based on comparison of age with pattern of smoking and age with the duration of smoking done using chi square test (p value-0.000). Thus higher prevalence was seen in the age group of 41-60 years (48%), 21-40 years (42%) and in males with cigarettes being the most preferred smoking tobacco. As cigarettes are accessible, it is also more carcinogenic and it is increasing among the youth, hence precautions must be taken in earlier age groups of 21-40 years for early interventions such as anti tobacco sessions and guidance to decrease the consumption of tobacco

Association of Tooth Loss in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with And Without Mellitus

Tooth loss is a negative public health outcome that substantially affects not only the general and oral health status of people, but also their quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread epidemics experienced worldwide; hence the aim of this study is to find the association of tooth loss in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. This cross sectional study consisted of a sample size of 547 patients of which 270 were diabetic patients and 277 were non diabetic patients and were distributed into two groups. After collection of data, it was tabulated with parameters such as name of the patient, age, gender, systemic condition, type of periodontal disease and tooth loss. The cast sheets of patients were obtained from the patient management software. The data of each patient was obtained and tabulated. The most common missing teeth were found to be upper anteriors and it had a higher prevalence of tooth loss in the non-diabetic group (26.82%) than in the diabetic group (18.43%). Association between tooth loss and systemic conditions was done using Chi square test p value- 0.008 and was found to be statistically significant. Tooth loss was higher in the age group of 61-70 years for the diabetic group and in the age group of 50-60 years for the non-diabetic group. The association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is a well known fact. Therefore oral health education programs should be promoted in patients, which aids in early diagnosis and prevention of severe periodontal diseases

Scrub Typhus Presenting as Subdural Hemorrhage with Normal Platelet Counts: A Rare Case Presentation

Scrub typhus is a common zoonotic disease with high case fatality rate. The clinical presentation of this disease may vary from acute febrile illness, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal manifestations, coagulopathy to neurological manifestations. The common neurological manifestations are meningitis and meningoencephalitis, whereas subdural hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accident, i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage, infarct, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. are among rare neurological presentations. Scrub typhus-induced neurological disease should be investigated to provide a timely and appropriate diagnosis and to reduce the mortality in complicated scrub typhus infection. Here we report a case of scrub typhus complicated with subdural hemorrhage admitted in our hospital

Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Introduction: Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is an inflammatory encephalopathy characterized by progressive refractory focal seizures, cognitive deterioration and focal neurological deficit that occur with gradual atrophy of one brain hemisphere. Case presentation: We report a case of an 18-year-old male with a history of abnormal body movements involving the right half of the body without loss of consciousness for the last 15 years. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hemiatrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere. Conclusion: RE is a rare disease; hence, diagnosing and managing such patients may be challenging. Our aim is to draw attention of the treating physicians towards this disease with the help of this case report

Study of Demographic Profile, Comorbidities, Role of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis and Outcomes of COVID-19 Positive Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Center in Southern Rajasthan

Background: In December 2019, a new respiratory tract infecting agent emerged in Wuhan city of China, known as the coronavirus. There are limited studies regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers (HCWs). Therefore, the present study was aimed to determine the demographic profile, comorbidities, hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis and outcomes of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 HCWs.Material and methods: This study was an observational retrospective study carried out over a period of 10 months from 15th March, 2020 to 15th January, 2021 in 350 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 HCWs who were in home isolation or admitted in dedicated COVID hospital. Results: We observed that majority of HCWs were in the age group 20-39 years (66.58%), were males (69.14%) and from urban areas (72.86%). Only few had comorbidities (3.42%), took hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis (5.71%) and mortality was 0.57%. About 46.29% of the HCWs were doctors and 28.40% of the doctors werefrom Medicine. Conclusion: From the present study, we conclude that HCWs affected by COVID-19 are mainly young adult male physicians from urban areas, without significant comorbidities. The outcome in COVID-19 positive HCWs is favorable due to better awareness, prompt diagnosis and treatment. The results of this study will be useful in knowing the most vulnerable section of HCWs

Cushing Syndrome Caused by Pituitary and Adrenal Hybrid Tumor: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Cushing syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder caused by a variety of underlying etiologies. It can be due to exogenous or endogenous high cortisone levels (ACTH-dependent or ACTH-independent). We herein report a case of ACTHdependent Cushing syndrome caused by pituitary and adrenal hybrid adenoma. Case report: A 42-year-old female presented with a complaint of hematemesis. She had hirsutism, central obesity and violaceous striae on her abdomen and thigh. On detailed clinical examination and relevant investigation, we found that the cause of hematemesis was esophagitis with necrotic gastric ulcer due to Cushing syndrome caused by the pituitary and adrenal hybrid adenoma. Discussion: Cushing syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by increased exogenous or endogenous serum cortisol levels, which lead to various clinical presentations. Early identification of the disease and its cause is critical. The entire clinical presentation must be considered for correct diagnosis, which is generally delayed due to the overlapping symptoms of the disease with various specialities. Conclusion: Diagnosis and management of Cushing’s syndrome continues to present considerable challenges and necessitates referral to higher centers. Its diverse presentation warrants a complete clinical, physical, radiological and endocrine examination

Congenital Toxoplasmosis with Aplastic Anemia: A Rare Association

Congenital toxoplasmosis is caused by transmission of an intracellular obligate coccidian protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii) via vertical transmission during pregnancy. The clinical manifestations are wide ranging from asymptomatic to intracranial calcifications, seizures, developmental delay, chorioretinal lesions and even fetal death. Aplastic anemia is one of the rare presentations of congenital toxoplasmosis. Hence, we are reporting a case of a 23-year-old male who presented to us with aplastic anemia due to congenital toxoplasmosis. Thus, congenital toxoplasmosis should always be considered as a cause when evaluating a case of aplastic anemia