Distinct spatial characteristics of industrial and public research collaborations: Evidence from the 5th EU Framework Programme

This study compares the spatial characteristics of industrial R&D networks to those of public research R&D networks (i.e. universities and research organisations). The objective is to measure the impact of geographical separation effects on the constitution of cross-region R&D collaborations for both types of collaboration. We use data on joint research projects funded by the 5th European Framework Programme (FP) to proxy cross-region collaborative activities. The study area is composed of 255 NUTS-2 regions that cover the EU-25 member states (excluding Malta and Cyprus) as well as Norway and Switzerland. We adopt spatial interaction models to analyse how the variation of cross-region industry and public research networks is affected by geography. The results of the spatial analysis provide evidence that geographical factors significantly affect patterns of industrial R&D collaboration, while in the public research sector effects of geography are much smaller. However, the results show that technological distance is the most important factor for both industry and public research cooperative activities.Comment: 28 page

The potential therapeutic role of lymph node resection in epithelial ovarian cancer: a study of 13 918 patients

The aim of the study is to determine the role of lymphadenectomy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program reported between 1988 and 2001. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for analysis. Of 13 918 women with stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer (median age: 64 years), 87.9% were Caucasian, 5.6% African Americans, and 4.4% Asians. A total of 4260 (30.6%) underwent lymph node dissections with a median number of six nodes reported. For all patients, a more extensive lymph node dissection (0, 1, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, and >20 nodes) was associated with an improved 5-year disease-specific survival of 26.1, 35.2, 42.6, 48.4, 47.5, and 47.8%, respectively (P<0.001). Of the stage IIIC patients with nodal metastases, the extent of nodal resection (1, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, and >20 nodes) was associated with improved survivals of 36.9, 45.0, 47.8, 48.7, and 51.1%, respectively (P=0.023). On multivariate analysis, the extent of lymph node dissection and number of positive nodes were significant independent prognosticators after adjusting for age, year at diagnosis, stage, and grade of disease. The extent of lymphadenectomy is associated with an improved disease-specific survival of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

The IPWG satellite precipitation validation effort

The estimation of precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) across the Earth’s surface is important for both science and user applications, ranging from understanding and improving our knowledge of the global energy and water cycle, to water resources and hydrological modelling, and to societal applications such as water availability and monitoring of waterborne diseases (see Kirschbaum DB, Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Braun S, Garrett K, Jones E, McNally A, Skofronick-Jackson G, Stocker E, Wu H, Zaitchik BF, Bull Am Meteorol Soc 98:1169–1194, 2017). The global mapping of precipitation through conventional means is essentially limited to land areas due to the reliance upon rain (and snow) gauges and/or radar (see Kidd C, Becker A, Huffman GJ, Muller CL, Joe P, Skofronick-Jackson G, Kirschbaum DB, Bull Am Meteorol Soc 98:69–78, 2017a). For truly global precipitation mapping satellite observations must be used. A range of techniques, algorithms and schemes have been developed to exploit these satellite observations and generate quantitative precipitation products, many with (quasi-) global coverage. Alongside these techniques, there is a need for the inter-comparison, verification, and validation of such products in order to quantify their accuracy and performance (and consistency) for both developers and users. The International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG) has supported a long-term effort to inter-compare and validate precipitation products through the exploitation of large-scale regional surface reference data sets. Here, we present the current and future validation efforts of the IPWG together with examples of satellite-surface inter-comparisons

Analyse du lancement du tadalafil (cialis) dans le traitement de la dysfonction érectile sur le marché français

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

The geography of collaborative knowledge production in Europe

R10, R12,