Impacto prognóstico da avaliação seriada da encefalopatia hepática em pacientes hospitalizados por descompensação aguda de cirrose

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidados Intensivos e Paliativos, Florianópolis, 2016.Introdução: A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é uma das complicações mais comuns da cirrose, porém o significado clínico e prognóstico da progressão do estado mental em cirróticos hospitalizados ainda é desconhecido. Objetivos: investigar o significado prognóstico da avaliação seriada da EH em pacientes hospitalizados por descompensação aguda (DA) da cirrose. Métodos: Os pacientes (n = 293) foram submetidos a avaliações seriadas da EH durante a internação (primeiro e terceiro dia) e classificados da seguinte forma: 1) evolução favorável: EH ausente na admissão e no terceiro dia ou qualquer melhora da EH; 2) evolução desfavorável: aparecimento da EH no terceiro dia ou EH presente na admissão e estável/pior no terceiro dia. Resultados: Evolução desfavorável da EH foi observada em 31% da amostra e foi associada na análise de regressão logística à antecedente de EH (OR 1.919, IC 95% 1,116-3,299, P = 0,018), Child-Pugh C (OR 1.851, IC 95% 1,044 - 3,157, P= 0,035) e insuficiência hepática crônica agudizada (IHCA) (OR 2.982, IC 95% 1,646 - 5,404, P Abstract : Background & Aims: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, but the clinical and prognostic significance of the progression of mental status in hospitalized cirrhotics is unknown. We aimed at investigate the prognostic significance of serial evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy in patients hospitalized for acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis. Methods: Patients (n = 293) were evaluated for HE (West-Haven criteria) at admission and third day and classified in two groups: 1) Favorable progression: HE absent at admission and at third day or any improvement at third day; 2) Unfavorable progression: Development of HE or HE present at admission and stable/worse at third day. Results: Unfavorable progression of HE was observed in 31% of patients and was independently associated with previous HE (OR 1.919, 95% CI 1.116-3.299, P = 0,018), Child-Pugh C (OR 1.851, 95% CI 1.044 ? 3.157, P= 0,035) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) (OR 2.982, 95% CI 1.646 ? 5.404, P < 0,001). MELD score (OR 1.203, 95% CI 1.141 ? 1.269, P < 0,001) and unfavorable progression of HE (OR 2.318, 95% CI 1.237 ? 4.342, P = 0,009) were independently associated with 90-day mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival probability at 90-day was 91% in patients with MELD < 18 and favorable progression of HE and only 31% in subjects with both MELD = 18 and unfavorable progression of HE. Unfavorable progression of HE was also related to lower survival in patients with or without ACLF. Worsening of GCS at third day was observed in only 11% of the sample and was related with significantly high mortality (69% vs. 27%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Among cirrhotics hospitalized for AD, unfavorable progression of HE was associated with high short-term mortality and therefore can be used for prognostication and to individualize clinical care

Correlation between location, size and histologic type of colorectal polyps at the presence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma represents 96-98% of colorectal neoplasms, and neoplastic polyps (adenomas) are their precursors. The aim of this study is to correlate size, location and histologic type of colorectal polyps at the presence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Methods: Colonoscopies from January/2007 to December/2008 were retrospectively studied, in order to evaluate the characteristics of the polyps. Results and Discussion: Out of the 2,401 analyzed colonoscopies, 583 (24.3%) presented polyps. Due to the lack of histopathologic data, 139 exams were excluded. Mean age of the patients was 58±12 years, and 60% were females. Polyps were prevalent in the left colon (38.5%) and rectum (32.5%). Out of the 850 polyps which were histologically examined, 55.17% were tubular adenomas; 21.88%, hyperplastic; 17.05%, serrated; 5.4%, tubulovillous; and 0.47%, villous. As to polyps £1.0 cm, dysplasia was observed in 16.0% and adenocarcinoma in 1.9%. Those &gt;1.0 cm, 72.0% (p<0.001) presented dysplasia, and 25.3% (p<0.001) presented adenocarcinoma. Polyps in the right and transverse colon were strongly associated with dysplasia (17.8% and 16.7%). Adenocarcinomas were prevalent in the left colon (2.5%) and rectum (2.1%). Conclusion: Polyps were more frequent in the left colon and rectum. The right and transverse colons were strongly correlated with dysplasia. Those of the left colon and rectum were associated with adenocarcinoma. Lesions &gt;1.0 cm were positively related to dysplasia and neoplasm

Biphenyl Sulfonylamino Methyl Bisphosphonic Acids as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Bone Resorption

A no. of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), proteins important in the balance of bone remodeling, play a crit. role both in cancer metastasis and in bone matrix turnover assocd. with the presence of cancer cells in bone. Here, we report the synthesis and biol. evaluation of a new class of MMP inhibitors characterized by a bisphosphonate function as the zinc binding group. Since the bisphosphonate group is also implicated in osteoclast inhibition and provides a preferential affinity to biol. apatite, the new mols. can be regarded as bone-seeking medicinal agents. Docking expts. were performed to clarify the mode of binding of bisphosphonate inhibitors in the active site of MMP-2. The most promising of the studied bisphosphonates showed nanomolar inhibition against MMP-2 and resulted in potent inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro

Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum as causative agents of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Infection by multidrug resistant bacteria is arousing as a relevant issue among hospitalized subjects and is of particular interest in patients with cirrhosis given the frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotics and their altered immune response. We report the first case report of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus and the sixth case of SBP caused by Enterococcus gallinarum

Serial assessment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients hospitalised for acute decompensation of cirrhosis

Introduction and aim: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, but the clinical and prognostic significance of the progression of mental status in hospitalised cirrhotics is unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of serial evaluation of HE in patients hospitalised for acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis. Materials and methods: Patients (n = 293) were evaluated for HE (West-Haven criteria) at admission and at day-3 and classified in two groups: (1) Absent or improved HE: HE absent at admission and at day-3, or any improvement at day-3; (2) Unfavourable progression: Development of HE or HE present at admission and stable/worse at day-3. Results: Unfavourable progression of HE was observed in 31% of patients and it was independently associated with previous HE, Child–Pugh C and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). MELD score and unfavourable progression of HE were independently associated with 90-day mortality. The 90-day Kaplan–Meier survival probability was 91% in patients with MELD < 18 and absent or improved HE and only 31% in subjects with both MELD ≥ 18 and unfavourable progression of HE. Unfavourable progression of HE was also related to lower survival in patients with or without ACLF. Worsening of GCS at day-3 was observed in 11% of the sample and was related with significantly high mortality (69% vs. 27%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Among cirrhotics hospitalised for AD, unfavourable progression of HE was associated with high short-term mortality and therefore can be used for prognostication and to individualise clinical care

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis

Background. Although recently challenged, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria are still commonly used in daily practice to define sepsis. However, several factors in liver cirrhosis may negatively impact its prognostic ability. Goals. To investigate the factors associated with the presence of SIRS, the characteristics of SIRS related to infection, and its prognostic value among patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Study. In this cohort study from two tertiary hospitals, 543 patients were followed up, up to 90 days. Data collection, including the prognostic models, was within 48 hours of admission. Results. SIRS was present in 42.7% of the sample and was independently associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB), ACLF, infection, and negatively related to beta-blockers. SIRS was associated with mortality in univariate analysis, but not in multiple Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival probability of patients without SIRS was 73.0% and for those with SIRS was 64.7%. The presence of SIRS was not significantly associated with mortality when considering patients with or without infection, separately. Infection in SIRS patients was independently associated with Child-Pugh C and inversely related to UGB. Among subjects with SIRS, mortality was independently related to the presence of infection, ACLF, and Child-Pugh C. Conclusions. SIRS was common in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and was of no prognostic value, even in the presence of infection