Electron spin resonance shifts in S=1 antiferromagnetic chains

We discuss electron spin resonance (ESR) shifts in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains with a weak single-ion anisotropy based on several effective field theories, the O(3) nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) in the Haldane phase, free fermion theories around the lower and the upper critical fields. In the O(3) NLSM, the single-ion anisotropy corresponds to a composite operator which creates two magnons at the same time and position. Therefore, even inside a parameter range where free magnon approximation is valid, we have to take interactions among magnons into account. Though the O(3) NLSM is only valid in the Haldane phase, an appropriate translation of Faddeev-Zamolodchikov operators of the O(3) NLSM to fermion operators enables one to treat ESR shifts near the lower critical field in a similar manner to discussions in Haldane phase. We present that our theory gives quantitative agreements with recent ESR experimental results on an spin-1 chain compounds NDMAP

Universal temperature dependence of the magnetization of gapped spin chains

Temperature dependence of the magnetization of the Haldane spin chain at finite magnetic field is analyzed systematically. Quantum Monte Carlo data indicates a clear minimum of magnetization as a function of temperature in the gapless regime. On the basis of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, we argue that this minimum is rather universal and can be observed for general axially symmetric quasi-one-dimensional spin systems. Our argument is confirmed by the magnetic-field dependence of the spin-wave velocity obtained numerically. One can estimate a magnitude of the gap of any such systems by fitting the experimental data with the magnetization minimum.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Exact Analysis of ESR Shift in the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain

A systematic perturbation theory is developed for the ESR shift and is applied to the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. Using the Bethe ansatz technique, we exactly analyze the resonance shift in the first order of perturbative expansion with respect to an anisotropic exchange interaction. Exact result for the whole range of temperature and magnetic field, as well as asymptotic behavior in the low-temperature limit are presented. The obtained g-shift strongly depends on magnetic fields at low temperature, showing a significant deviation from the previous classical result.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures,to be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Single-ion anisotropy in Haldane chains and form factor of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model

We consider spin-1 Haldane chains with single-ion anisotropy, which exists in known Haldane chain materials. We develop a perturbation theory in terms of anisotropy, where magnon-magnon interaction is important even in the low temperature limit. The exact two-particle form factor in the O(3) nonlinear sigma model leads to quantitative predictions on several dynamical properties including dynamical structure factor and electron spin resonance frequency shift. These agree very well with numerical results, and with experimental data on the Haldane chain material Ni(C$_5$H$_{14}$N$_2$)$_2$N$_3$(PF$_6$)

Perioperative Management of Hemophilia A Using Recombinant Factor VIII in Patients Undergoing Major or Minor Surgery

Among the surgical treatments performed in patients with hemophilia, joint surgery for intra-articular bleeding is the most time-consuming. Previous reports describe the perioperative management of hemophiliacs undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or of those undergoing cystectomy for treatment of hematuria. In the former study, the patient was elderly; in the latter study, the authors concluded that cystectomy in hemophiliacs is safe if monitored appropriately and that urinary diversion using the intestine should be avoided because anastomotic hemorrhaging may occur. In this study, we discuss coagulation factor replacement therapy for patient with hemophilia A undergoing major or minor surgery

Rapid Disease Progression of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Five Months after Cessation of Pembrolizumab

We report a case of late-onset hyperprogressive disease after cessation of a PD-1 inhibitor. A male was diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with little progression for 2 months before treatment. He received pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment and was subsequently prescribed docetaxel for 3 months until a slight increase in pleural effusion. At the time of progression to docetaxel, he commenced prednisolone because of immune-system-related diarrhea. After that, his general condition rapidly worsened with severe fatigue and hypoxia. Computed tomography revealed a massive increase of pleural effusion and replacement of almost the entire liver with cancer over a period of 5 weeks

Lipomatous Pseudohypertrophy of the Pancreas Taking the Form of Huge Massive Lesion of the Pancreatic Head

A 70-year-old woman presented with hypogastric pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a retroperitoneal tumor 18.0 cm in diameter with fatty tissue density, ventrally compressing the pancreatic head. We suspected a well-differentiated liposarcoma compressing the pancreas. At laparotomy, the tumor mass was the size of an infant's head; its center was located in the area corresponding to the pancreatic uncus. It was continuous with the pancreatic parenchyma through a poorly demarcated border, and we resected as much of the tumor mass as possible while conserving the pancreatic capsule. Histopathological examination indicated lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas with proliferation of mature fatty tissue as the main constituent. At the periphery, islands of acinar tissue were retained among the fatty infiltration, which also contained branches of the pancreatic duct and islets of Langerhans. Previous reports have stated that this disorder only causes fatty replacements throughout the pancreas or in the pancreatic body and tail; however, in this patient, imaging and macroscopic examination revealed no fatty replacements in the pancreatic body and tail. We report this case, which we consider extremely rare, along with a brief review of the literature

Periarticular Osteophytes as an Appendicular Joint Stress Marker (JSM): Analysis in a Contemporary Japanese Skeletal Collection

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that periarticular osteophytes plays a role as a appendicular joint stress marker (JSM) which reflects the biomechanical stresses on individuals and populations. Methods: A total of 366 contemporary Japanese skeletons (231 males, 135 females) were examined closely to evaluate the periarticular osteophytes of six major joints, the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle and osteophyte scores (OS) were determined using an original grading system. These scores were aggregated and analyzed statistically from some viewpoints. Results: All of the OS for the respective joints were correlated logarithmically with the age-at-death of the individuals. For 70 individuals, in whom both sides of all six joints were evaluated without missing values, the age-standardized OS were calculated. A right side dominancy was recognized in the joints of the upper extremities, shoulder and wrist joints, and the bilateral correlations were large in the three joints on the lower extremity. For the shoulder joint and the hip joint, it was inferred by some distinctions that systemic factors were relatively large. All of these six joints could be assorted by the extent of systemic and local factors on osteophytes formation. Moreover, when the age-standardized OS of all the joints was summed up, some individuals had significantly high total scores, and others had significantly low total scores; namely, all of the individuals varied greatly in their systemic predisposition for osteophytes formation. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the significance of periarticular osteophytes; the evaluating system for OS could be used to detect differences among joints and individuals. Periarticular osteophytes could be applied as an appendicular joint stress marker (JSM); by applying OS evaluating system for skeletal populations, intra-skeletal and inter-skeletal variations in biomechanical stresses throughout the lives could be clarified