Adesão voluntária e comportamento ambiental de empresas transnacionais do setor químico no Brasil Self commitment and environmental behavior of transnational enterprises within the chemical sector in Brazil

Empresas transnacionais estão cada vez mais aderindo a padrões ambientais de conduta. Este artigo aborda as diversas facetas da auto-regulação empresarial em países em desenvolvimento:Ela compensa lacunas na legislação da poluição industrial ou é propaganda enganosa? Um estudo de caso de empresas químicas alemãs no Brasil pesquisa os determinantes de seu comportamento ambiental e aponta para dilemas dos códigos de conduta.<br>Transnational enterprises are increasingly committing theirselves to environmental standards. This article focuses on the multiple aspects of self-regulation in developing countries: Do they counterbalance a lack of legislation or are they greenwashing? A case study about German chemical industries in Brazil asks for the determinants of environmental behavior and point out dilemmas related to industrial codes of conduct

International regulatory responses to global challenges in marine pollution and climate change

Marine pollution, also referred to as \u27pollution of the marine environment\u27, may occur as a result of different activities. Examples are land-based activities, vessel-related activitiese, dumping at sea, atmospheric and offshore hydrocarbon exploration, seabed mining, and so on. As discussed in Chapter 4, these types of marine pollution are often transboundary in nature and are harmful to human health and marine ecosystem. Similarly, climate change is a global issue involving the interests of all States. The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), finalized and published in 2014, has further confirmed the existence of global warming when compared with the previous IPCC reports. It indicates that climate change has negatively affected natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans, and asserts that 280substantial and sustained reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would contribute to the tackling of climate change. 1 International issues need international responses. Both the marine pollution and climate change are issues with international dimensions, and thus require the global regulation by the international community