Antiproliferative activity of pristimerin isolated from Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) in human HL-60 cells

Pristimerin has been shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines. In the present work, the cytotoxicity of pristimerin was evaluated in human tumor cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This work also examined the effects of pristimerin (0.4; 0.8 and 1.7 mu M) in HL-60 cells, after 6, 12 and 24 h of exposure. Pristimerin reduced the number of viable cells and increased number of non-viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner by tripan blue test showing morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Nevertheless, pristimerin was not selective to cancer cells, since it inhibited PBMC proliferation with an IC50 of 0.88 PM. DNA synthesis inhibition assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in HL-60 cells was 70% and 83% for the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 mu M, respectively. Pristimerin (10 and 20 mu M) was not able to inhibit topoisomerase 1. In AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining, all tested concentrations reduced the number of HL-60 viable cells, with the occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, results in agreement with trypan blue exclusion findings. The analysis of membrane integrity and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry in the presence of pristimerin indicated that treated cells underwent apoptosis. The present data point to the importance of pristimerin as representative of an emerging class of potential anticancer chemicals, exhibiting an antiproliferative effect by inhibiting DNA synthesis and triggering apoptosis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Antônio Gonçalves Gomide: uma semiologia das doenças nervosas no Brasil Antônio Gonçalves Gomide: a semiotics of nervous illnesses in Brazil

Analisa o parecer médico de Antônio Gonçalves Gomide, publicado em 1814. Trata-se de análise crítica realizada pelo médico, a fim de compreender as manifestações de uma beata, Germana Maria da Purificação, que viveu em Minas Gerais, entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. No texto o médico se contrapõe a um exame realizado por dois cirurgiões que declararam o estado da beata como sobrenatural. A intenção é analisar o parecer situando a concepção da patologia da beata para destacar a importância do documento na compreensão da constituição dos saberes médicos no Brasil. Procura-se ressaltar o fato de o texto ter sido um dos primeiros publicados sobre a medicina mental, podendo ser considerado um dos escritos fundadores dessa medicina que se inaugurava no Brasil no século XIX.<br>In 1814, physician Antônio Gonçalves Gomide published a medical report in which he offered a critical analysis of the manifestations of a beata (holy woman), Germana Maria da Purificação, who lived in Minas Gerais between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The doctor disagreed with the examination performed by two surgeons, who declared that the state of the beata was "supernatural." The present article analyzes the doctor's report and situates his view of the holy woman's pathology. The text was one of the first ever published on mental medicine and as such stands both as one of the foundational writings of a field that emerged in Brazil in the nineteenth century and also as a valuable source in understanding the formation of medical knowledge in this country