Dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma proteins modifies the profile of the fecal microbiota in young mice

Podeu consultar el III Workshop anual INSA-UB complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/11899

Actividades de aprendizaje y evaluación a través del Campus Virtual. Experiencia en Fisiología y Fisiopatología I del Grado de Farmacia

[spa] Nuestro objetivo consiste en fomentar, entre alumnos internos del Departamento de Fisiología, el autoaprendizaje, el trabajo autónomo y en equipo, espíritu crítico y habilidad para buscar y analizar información. A la vez se pretende iniciar a estos alumnos en los sistemas de transferencia de resultados de la investigación básica a la investigación aplicada. Para ello a los alumnos se les proporciona materiales que contienen información sobre las materias objeto de aprendizaje y enlaces a diferentes sitios webs de interés relacionados con el tema. En ellos se promueve la exposición de trabajos y la participación en jornadas especializadas. El uso de estos materiales bajo supervisión del profesorado, ha permitido la mejora del conocimiento en Fisiología y la creación de equipos especializados en diferentes aspectos de la Fisiología. Además, la transferencia de información entre alumnos, ha propiciado que puedan adquirir una visión clara y amplia sobre qué es un trabajo de investigación básica o un trabajo de investigación aplicada, así como la importancia del trabajo en equipo, lo que ha posibilitado que pudieran diseñar pequeños experimentos y estudiar su aplicabilidad. Al final del periodo de formación, los alumnos demostraron haber adquirido las competencias genéricas CG1, CG3, CG5, CG6, CG11, CG13 y CG15 incluidas en la ficha Verifica para el Grado en Farmacia, así como las competencias específicas para el módulo 5 (Medicina y Farmacología) CEM5.8, CEM5.9 y CEM5.11, concluyendo así que la aplicación de métodos de enseñanza basados en el autoaprendizaje (bajo supervisión de equipos docentes) constituye una excelente herramienta para la promoción de la adquisición de competencias generales y específicas en el Grado en Farmacia.[eng]Our goal is to motivate students of physiology in the area of independent study, working alone and in groups, enabling them to develop a critical spirit and skills, and to be capable of seeking and analyzing information. At the same time, we seek to introduce these students to the systems of transferring results from basic to applied research. For this purpose, the students were provided with materials containing information on subjects appropriate for independent study, and links to various websites of interest related to the subject. The teaching staff promoted the presentation of students’ projects, and encouraged them to participate in specialized workshops. The use of these materials, under the teachers’ supervision, has led to the students acquiring greater knowledge of physiology, and to the creation of teams specialized in diverse aspects of the subject. Moreover, the transfer of information among students has made it possible for them to acquire a keen, broad-ranging view of what is involved in a basic or applied research project, and to understand the importance of working as part of a team. Thus, the students designed small-scale experiments and studied their applicability. By the end of this training period, the students showed they had acquired the generic skills 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 13 and 15 required to be awarded a Degree in Pharmacy, as well as the specific skills necessary for Module 5 (Medicine and Pharmacology), numbers 5.8, 5.9 and 5.11. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the application of teaching methods based on independent study (under the supervision of teaching staff) constitutes an excellent tool for promoting students’ acquisition of general and specific skills as part of their studies for the Pharmacy Degree

Valoració pels alumnes dels ensenyaments del Campus de l'Alimentació de la UB de les activitats d'aprenentatge de l'assignatura de Fisiologia Humana

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524La Fisiologia Humana és una assignatura obligatòria de primer curs, comuna als graus de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica (NHD) i de Ciència i Tecnologia dels Aliments (CTA). L’avaluació de l’assignatura consisteix en diverses proves distribuïdes al llarg del curs, relacionades amb els continguts teòrics (examen final), les habilitats i competències pràctiques (examen pràctic), i el desenvolupament de competències transversals (anàlisi i síntesi d’articles científics). A més, i per tal d’estimular l’aprenentatge continuat, es fan proves d’avaluació formativa no acreditativa en forma de qüestionaris a través del campus virtual que anomenem bonus-test..

Septic Arthritis and Multifocal Osteomyelitis Caused by Capnocytophaga Canimorsus: A Case Report

Capnocytophaga; Osteomyelitis; Septic arthritisCapnocitofaga; Osteomielitis; Artritis sépticaCapnocytophaga; Osteomielitis; Artritis sèpticaMicrobiological diagnosis of chronic osteoarticular infections remains a major challenge, particularly when the clinical presentation is atypical and the pathogen is uncommon. In this unique case, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a microorganism belonging to the oral microbiota of some domestic animals, caused septic arthritis and multifocal osteomyelitis in the long bone of a 43-year-old immunocompetent man. The patient was treated with two-stage surgery and local and systemic antibiotic therapy, and had a successful recovery. C. canimorsus should be considered as a possible etiological agent in patients with osteoarticular pathology and a history of exposure to domestic animals

Anti-inflammatory effects of animal plasma protein supplementation in mice undergoing simultaneous gut and lung inflammation

We aimed to determine whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) is effective in mice exposed to a dual S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges inducing simultaneous inflammation in the gut and lung. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed control or SDP-supplemented diets from weaning for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, animals received LPS intranasal followed by SEB intraperitoneal doses. The dual challenge increased leukocyte recruitment into mesenteric lymph nodes and lung tissue, the percentage of activated monocytes and neutrophils, as well as the expression of Tnf-α, Ifn-γ and Il-1β in lung tissue and jejunal mucosa, while SDP attenuated these effects. Moreover, SDP augmented the expression of Il-10, Tgf-β and Foxp3 in these tissues. Supplementation with animal plasma proteins attenuated lung and intestinal inflammation provoked by simultaneous administration of LPS and SEB toxins and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines

Aging effects on gut microbiota in SAMP8 mice

We have studied the effects of aging on fecal microbiota composition in the senescence-accelerated prone mice SAMP8 strain. We compared animals 2, 4 and 6 months old. Feces were collected at the end of each period and a genomic study was carried out on fecal DNA using the Illumina MiSeq analyzer. The Shannon diversity index showed similar values along this period and the number of species was neither affected by aging. The phylum Verrucobacteria went up with age, showing a 7-fold increase at 6 months, compared to 2 months old mice. At family level, changes observed between 2 and 6 months of age involved significant increases in Bacteroidaceae (q<0.001) and strong reductions in Lactobacillaceae (q<0.0001) and Prevotellaceae (q<0.05); at genus level, there was a significant reduction in probiotic Lactobacillus. At species level, we observed an age-related reduction in Lactobacillus hayakitensis, a species involved in mucosal immune homeostasis, and in Blautia hansenii, which provides protection against Clostridium difficile infection. Interestingly, aging increases Parabacteroides goldsteiini, which is involved in the regulation of the TLR4 pathway. These results support the view that aging results in the proliferation of bacterial species that are associated with the immune deterioration of the gut mucosa

Dietary animal plasma proteins improve the intestinal immune response in senescent mice

Increased life expectancy has promoted research on healthy aging. Aging is accompanied by increased non-specific immune activation (inflammaging) which favors the appearance of several disorders. Here, we study whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDP), which has been shown to reduce the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in rodents challenged by S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and can also prevent the effects of aging on immune system homeostasis. We first characterized GALT in a mouse model of accelerated senescence (SAMP8) at different ages (compared to mice resistant to accelerated senescence; SAMR1). Second, we analyzed the SDP effects on GALT response to an SEB challenge in SAMP8 mice. In GALT characterization, aging increased the cell number and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches (all, p < 0.05), as well as the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in intestinal mucosa (both, p < 0.05). With respect to GALT response to the SEB challenge, young mice showed increased expression of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as lymphocyte recruitment and activation (all, p < 0.05). However, the immune response of senescent mice to the SEB challenge was weak, since SEB did not change cell recruitment or the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes. Mice supplemented with SDP showed improved capacity to respond to the SEB challenge, similar to the response of the young mice. These results indicate that senescent mice have an impaired mucosal immune response characterized by unspecific GALT activation and a weak specific immune response. SDP supplementation reduces non-specific basal immune activation, allowing for the generation of specific responses

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic efects on gut microbiota in mice

In animal models of infammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal infammation. Here, we study whether these efects could be mediated by changes in the intestinal microbiota and if these changes are similar to those induced by oral antibiotics. Weaned 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the CTL group, fed the control diet; the COL group, administered low doses of neomycin and colistin; and the SDP group, supplemented with 8% SDP. After 14 days, analysis of the fecal microbiome showed that the microbiota profles induced by SDP and the antibiotics were very diferent, thus, SDP has prebiotic rather than antibiotic efects. At the phylum level, SDP stimulated the presence of Firmicutes, considerably increasing the lactobacilli population. It also enhanced the growth of species involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte homeostasis and restoration of the mucosal barrier, as well as species negatively correlated with expression of proinfammatory cytokines. At the mucosal level, expression of toll-like receptors Tlr2, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and mucous-related genes Muc2 and Tf3 with regulatory and barrier stability functions, were increased. SDP also increased expression of Il-10 and Tgf-β, as well as markers of macrophages and dendritic cells eventually promoting an immune-tolerant environment

El bonus-test. Una experiència d’avaluació formativa a través del Campus virtual

La Fisiologia Humana és una assignatura comuna dels graus de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica (NHD) i de Ciència i Tecnologia dels Aliments (CTA), que es va posar en marxa el curs 2010-11. Ja des de l’inici vàrem plantejar l’avaluació de l’assignatura de forma continuada; l’objectiu és que els estudiants aprenguin continuadament. El curs incorpora activitats d’avaluació no acreditativa, per estimular l’estudi continuat i, per tant, el seguiment correcte de l’assignatura. Es tracta d’un conjunt de deu qüestionaris que es fan setmanalment a través del Campus Virtual i que aporten una bonificació a la nota final: els anomenem BONUS-TEST. Aquesta experiència l’hem portat a terme des que es va iniciar l’assignatura fins el curs actual