Search for sterile neutrino oscillation using RENO and NEOS data

We present a reactor model independent search for sterile neutrino oscillation using 2\,509\,days of RENO near detector data and 180 days of NEOS data. The reactor related systematic uncertainties are significantly suppressed as both detectors are located at the same reactor complex of Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. The search is performed by electron antineutrino\,($\overline{\nu}_e$) disappearance between six reactors and two detectors with baselines of 294\,m\,(RENO) and 24\,m\,(NEOS). A spectral comparison of the NEOS prompt-energy spectrum with a no-oscillation prediction from the RENO measurement can explore reactor $\overline{\nu}_e$ oscillations to sterile neutrino. Based on the comparison, we obtain a 95\% C.L. excluded region of $0.1<|\Delta m_{41}^2|<7$\,eV$^2$. We also obtain a 68\% C.L. allowed region with the best fit of $|\Delta m_{41}^2|=2.41\,\pm\,0.03\,$\,eV$^2$ and $\sin^2 2\theta_{14}$=0.08$\,\pm\,$0.03 with a p-value of 8.2\%. Comparisons of obtained reactor antineutrino spectra at reactor sources are made among RENO, NEOS, and Daya Bay to find a possible spectral variation.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures: This manuscript has been significantly revised by the joint reanalysis by RENO and NEOS Collaborations. (In the previous edition, the RENO collaboration used publicly available NEOS data to evaluate the expected neutrino spectrum at NEOS.

ComboCoding: Combined intra-/inter-flow network coding for TCP over disruptive MANETs

TCP over wireless networks is challenging due to random losses and ACK interference. Although network coding schemes have been proposed to improve TCP robustness against extreme random losses, a critical problem still remains of DATA–ACK interference. To address this issue, we use inter-flow coding between DATA and ACK to reduce the number of transmissions among nodes. In addition, we also utilize a “pipeline” random linear coding scheme with adaptive redundancy to overcome high packet loss over unreliable links. The resulting coding scheme, ComboCoding, combines intra-flow and inter-flow coding to provide robust TCP transmission in disruptive wireless networks. The main contributions of our scheme are twofold; the efficient combination of random linear coding and XOR coding on bi-directional streams (DATA and ACK), and the novel redundancy control scheme that adapts to time-varying and space-varying link loss. The adaptive ComboCoding was tested on a variable hop string topology with unstable links and on a multipath MANET with dynamic topology. Simulation results show that TCP with ComboCoding delivers higher throughput than with other coding options in high loss and mobile scenarios, while introducing minimal overhead in normal operation

Protective effects of Fc-fused PD-L1 on two different animal models of colitis

Objective Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been shown to negatively regulate immune responses via its interaction with PD-1 receptor. In this study, we investigated the effects of PD-L1-Fc treatment on intestinal inflammation using two murine models of inflammatory colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and T-cell transfer. Design The anti-colitis effect of adenovirus expressing Fc-conjugated PD-L1 (Ad/PD-L1-Fc) and recombinant PD-L1-Fc protein was evaluated in DSS-treated wild-type and Rag-1 knockout (KO) mice. We examined differentiation of T-helper cells, frequency of innate immune cells, and cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs) in the colon from DSS-treated mice after PD-L1-Fc administration. In Rag-1 KO mice reconstituted with CD4 CD45RBhigh T cells, we assessed the treatment effect of PD-L1-Fc protein on the development of colitis. Results Administration of Ad/PD-L1-Fc significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, which was accompanied by diminished frequency of interleukin (IL)-17Aproducing CD4 T cells and increased interferon-γ- producing CD4 T cells in the colon of DSS-fed mice. The anti-colitic effect of PD-L1-Fc treatment was also observed in DSS-treated Rag-1 KO mice, indicating lymphoid cell independency. PD-L1-Fc modulated cytokine production by colonic DCs and the effect was dependent on PD-1 expression. Furthermore, PD-L1-Fc protein could significantly reduce the severity of colitis in CD4 CD45RBhigh T-cell-transferred Rag-1 KO mice. Conclusions Based on the protective effect of PD-L1- Fc against DSS-induced and T-cell-induced colitis, our results suggest that PD-1-mediated inhibitory signals have a crucial role in limiting the development of colonic inflammation. This implicates that PD-L1-Fc may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory bowel disease.115141sciescopu

The effect of sample site, illness duration, and the presence of pneumonia on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription PCR

10.1093/ofid/ofaa335Open Forum Infectious Diseases79ofaa33

Absorção, translocação e utilização de fósforo por variedades de trigo submetidas à toxidez de alumínio Phosphorus uptake, translocation and utilization in wheat varieties under aluminum toxicity

Variedades de trigo tolerantes ao alumínio podem ser mais eficientes no aproveitamento de fósforo na presença desse elemento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do alumínio em variedades de trigo Toropi, considerada eficiente, e CNT 8, ineficiente quanto ao aproveitamento de fósforo. Realizou-se um experimento em 1994, em casa de vegetação, em vasos que continham solução nutritiva com duas concentrações de fósforo (1,6 e 32,3 µmol L-1) e duas de alumínio (0,0 e 37,0 µmol L-1). Após 31 dias de cultivo, foram avaliados a morfologia das raízes e o aproveitamento do fósforo. As raízes da variedade de trigo Toropi foram menos afetadas do que as da CNT 8 pelo alumínio; no entanto, não houve relação da absorção de fósforo com o comprimento, raio médio e superfície do sistema radicular. A presença de alumínio aumentou a diferença entre as variedades Toropi e CNT 8 quanto à eficiência de absorção, translocação e utilização de fósforo, com vantagem para a primeira, que é mais tolerante ao alumínio.<br>Aluminum tolerant wheat varieties can present increased efficiency of phosphorus use in presence of aluminum. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 1994 to compare the wheat cultivars (Toropi) and (CNT 8), considered efficient and inefficient, respectively, in relation to phosphorus use. Nutrient solutions containing two phosphorus (1.6 and 32.3 µmol L-1) and two aluminum (0.0 and 37.0 µmol L-1) concentrations were tested. Root morphology and phosphate use were established for the plants, which were harvested from the pots on the 31th day. Roots of the Toropi cultivar were less affected by aluminum than CNT 8; there was no relationship, however, between phosphorus uptake and root length, radius or surface. The presence of aluminum increased the difference between Toropi and CNT 8 in their efficiency of phosphorus uptake, translocation and utilization. Toropi, which is more tolerant towards aluminum, proved to be more efficient

Search for sterile neutrino oscillations using RENO and NEOS data

Published by the American Physical Society.We present a nearly reactor model independent search for sterile neutrino oscillation using 2 509 days of RENO near detector data and 180 days of NEOS data. The reactor related systematic uncertainties are significantly suppressed as both detectors are located at the same reactor complex of Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. The search is performed by electron antineutrino (?¯e) disappearance between six reactors and two detectors with flux-weighted baselines of 419 m (RENO) and 24 m (NEOS). A spectral comparison of the NEOS prompt-energy spectrum with a no-oscillation prediction from the RENO measurement can explore reactor ?¯e oscillations to sterile neutrino. Based on the comparison, we obtain a 95% C.L. excluded region of 0.1<|?m412|<7 eV2. We also obtain a 68% C.L. allowed region with the best fit of |?m412|=2.41 eV2 and sin22?14=0.08 having a p-value of 8.2%. Comparisons of obtained reactor antineutrino spectra at reactor sources are made among RENO, NEOS, and Daya Bay to find a possible spectral variation.11Nsciescopu