Microscopic theory of vertical-transport phenomena in semiconductor heterostructures: Interplay between two- and three-dimensional hot-carrier relaxation

A theoretical analysis of vertical-transport phenomena in semiconductor heterostructures is presented. In particular, the scattering coupling between two- and three-dimensional states in multiple quantum wells is investigated. To this purpose, a fully three-dimensional approach for the description of both localized and extended states in the heterostructure is proposed. Starting from such three-dimensional states, obtained from a self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson calculation, a Monte Carlo solution of the corresponding Boltzmann transport equation is performed. In contrast to various phenomenological transport models, the present simulation scheme allows a kinetic description, i.e., based on microscopic scattering rates, of vertical transport across a generic heterostructure. Our results provide a rigorous description of hot-carrier relaxation between extended and localized states. This simulation scheme has been applied to finite multiple quantum wells with different geometries and doping profiles. A detailed analysis of the electron current as a function of temperature in quasiequilibrium conditions shows good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, in non-equilibrium conditions (i.e., hot-carrier regime) the scattering coupling between three- and two-dimensional states is found to play a significant role in modifying the carrier mobility as well as the fraction of conducting electrons

Experimental Verification Of An Eye Diagram Reconstruction Technique Based On Asynchronous Undersampling

In this paper we experimentally demonstrate an eye diagram recovery technique, applied after asynchronous undersampling of a high speed optical communication signal. The resulting (reconstructed) eye diagrams are compared with the ones obtained by traditional (synchronous) techniques for different optical signal to noise ratios. This technique is being applied in the development of a complete eye diagram analyzer equipment for BER estimation and network performance monitoring. © 2005 IEEE.603606P. S. B. André, A. L. J. Teixeira, M. J. N. Lima, J. L. Pinto, J. R. F. da Rocha, Optical performance monitor based on asynchronous detection, Proceedings of the 14th IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, pp. 30-31, paper MD4, 2001Hanik, N., Gladisch, A., Caspar, C., Strebel, B., Application of amplitude histograms to monitor performance of optical channels (1999) Electronics Letters, 35 (5), pp. 403-404. , MarMoustakides, G., Cerou, F., Audouin, O., Noirie, L., Eye diagram reconstruction using asynchronous imperfect sampling, application to BER estimation for fiber-optic communication systems (2002) European Signal Processing Conference - EUSIPCONoirie, L., Cérou, F., Moustakides, G., Audouin, O., Peloso, P., New transparent optical monitoring of the eye and BER using asynchronous under-sampling of the signal (2002) European Conference on Optical Communications - ECOC, , paper PD2.2Scarabucci, R.R., GIGA Project: A Brazilian high-speed optical network testbed (2004) European Conference on Optical Communications - ECOC, p. 150. , paper W44.

Development Of A Low Cost Eye Diagram Analyzer For Optical Network Performance Monitoring Based On Q-factor Ber Estimation

This paper describes for the first time, to our knowledge, the development of an Eye Diagram Analyzer equipment transparent to signal bit rate, based on the reconstruction of an eye diagram from a set of asynchronous undersampled data using digital signal processing techniques. It is intended to be used for optical network performance monitoring based on bit error rate estimation through Gaussian fitting Q-Factor calculation. © 2006 IEEE.1615619P. S. B. André, A.L. J. Teixeira, M. J. N. Lima, J. L. Pinto, J. R. F. da Rocha, Optical performance monitor based on asynchronous detection, Proceedings of the 14th IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, pp. 30-31, paper MD4, 2001Hanik, N., Gladisch, A., Caspar, C., Strebel, B., Application of amplitude histograms to monitor performance of optical channels (1999) Electronics Letters, 35 (5), pp. 403-404. , MarMoustakides, G., Cerou, F., Audouin, O., Noirie, L., Eye diagram reconstruction using asynchronous imperfect sampling, application to BER estimation for fiber-optic communication systems (2002) European Signal Processing Conference - EUSIPCONoirie, L., Cérou, F., Moustakides, G., Audouin, O., Peloso, P., New transparent optical monitoring of the eye and BER using asynchronous under-sampling of the signal (2002) Proceedings of the European Conference on Optical Communications - ECOC, , paper PD2.2Scarabucci, R.R., GIGA Project: A Brazilian high-speed optical network testbed (2004) Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communications - ECOC, p. 150. , paper W44.PEduardo Mobilon, Miriam R. X. de Barros and Amauri Lopes, Experimental Verification of an Eye Diagram Reconstruction Technique Based on Asynchronous Undersampling, Proceedings of International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC, 200

Ultrafast Mid-infrared Pulse Generation

We discuss the applications of short mid-infrared pulses for time resolved spectroscopic measurements in several different areas. A review of the techniques used to generate mid-infrared pulses is presented. Recent results are described on mid-infrared pulse generation using a two color mode- locked Ti:sapphire laser. The infrared pulses are tuned from 7.5 to 12.5 μm and have duration of 500 fs.262525529Miranda, R.S., Tom, H.W.K., Johnson, A.M., Bridges, T.J., Aumiller, G.D., (1991) Opt. Lett., 16, p. 1859Miranda, R.S., Tom, H.W.K., Johnson, A.M., Bridges, T.J., Aumiller, G.D., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, p. 1105Cavicchia, M.A., Alfano, R.R., (1994) Ultrafast Phenomena IX, p. 128. , paper MD29Elsaesser, T., Bauerle, R.J., Klann, R., Kaiser, W., (1990) Ultrafast Phenomena VII, p. 328Woerner, M., Frey, W., Portella, M.T., Ludwig, C., Elsaesser, T., Kaiser, W., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, p. 17007Lohner, A., Woerner, M., Elsaesser, T., Kaiser, W., (1992) Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, p. 416Ludwig, C., Frey, W., Woerner, M., Elsaesser, T., (1993) Opt. Commun., 102, p. 447Nurmikko, A.V., Schwartz, B.D., (1982) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 21, p. 229Sellmeier, A., Hühner, H.J., Abstreiter, G., Weimann, G., Schlapp, W., (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, p. 1345Bauerle, R.J., Elsaesser, T., Lobentanzer, H., Stolz, W., Ploog, K., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 10002West, L.C., Eglash, S.J., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 46, p. 1156Park, J.S., Karunasiri, R.P.G., Wang, K.L., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 681Bethea, C.G., Levine, B.F., Hasnain, G., Walker, J., Malik, R.J., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 66, p. 963De Barros, M.R.X., Becker, P.C., Miranda, R.S., West, L.C., Dunkel, J., Roberts, C.W., Stayt Jr., J.W., Swaminathan, V., (1994) Electron. Lett., 30, p. 1093Quack, M., (1989) Infrared Phys., 29, p. 441Shane, S.F., Rothberg, L., Dubois, L.H., Levinos, N.J., Morin, M., Harris, A.L., (1990) Ultrafast Phenomena VII, p. 362Jedju, T., Rothberg, L., Labrie, A., (1988) Opt. Lett., 13, p. 961Hochstrasser, R.M., Anfinrud, P.A., Diller, R., Han, C., Iannone, M., Lian, T., Locke, B., (1990) Ultrafast Phenomena VII, p. 429Lin, M., Jackson, T.A., Anfinrud, P.A., (1994) Ultrafast Phenomena IX, p. 597. , paper FB4Cesar, C.L., Islam, M.N., Soccolich, C.E., Feldman, R.D., Austin, R.F., German, K.R., (1990) Optics. Lett., 15, p. 1147Kean, P.N., Zhu, X., Crust, D.W., Grant, R.S., Langford, N., Sibbet, W., (1989) Opt. Lett., 14, p. 39Cesar, C.L., Islam, M.N., Soccolich, C.E., Feldman, R.D., Austin, R.F., German, K.R., (1990) Ultrafast Phenomena VII, p. 17Powers, P.E., Tang, C., Cheng, L.K., (1994) Opt.Lett., 19, p. 1439Crowell, R.A., Holtom, G.R., Xie, S.X., (1994) Ultrafast Phenomena IX, , Paper ThD23Corkum, P.B., (1983) Opt. Lett., 8, p. 514Rolland, C., Corkum, P.B., (1986) J. Opt. Soc. Am., B3, p. 1625Elazzabi, A.Y., Meyer, J., Hughes, M.K.Y., Johnson, S.R., (1994) Opt. Lett., 19, p. 898Becker, P.C., Gershoni, D., (1990) Ultrafast Phenomena VII, p. 81. , Springer Verlag, BerlinJedju, T., Rothberg, L., (1988) Appl. Opt., 27, p. 615Elsaesser, T., Nuss, M.C., (1991) Opt. Lett., 16, p. 411Hamm, P., Lauterwasser, C., Zinth, W., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 1943Yodh, A.G., Tom, H.W.K., Aumiller, G.D., Miranda, R.S., (1991) J. Opt. Soc. of Am., B8, p. 1663Socha, U., Hussong, J., Urschel, R., Nebel, A., Beigang, R., (1994) Conference on Laser and Electro Optics'94, p. 378. , paper CThQ2Kafka, J.D., Watts, M.L., Pieterse, J.W., (1994) Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics, 8. , OSA Technical Digest, paper CWI6Kafka, J.D., Watts, M.L., Pieterse, J.W., (1994) Ultrafast Phenomena IX, , Paper TuD21Seilmeier, A., Worner, M., Hbner, H.-J., Kaiser, W., (1988) Appl. Phys. Lett., 53, p. 2468De Barros, M.R.X., Becker, P.C., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 631LeBlanc, C., Grillon, G., Chambaret, J.P., Migus, A., Antonetti, A., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 140Zhou, J., Huang, C.-P., Shi, C., Murnane, M.M., Kapteyn, H.C., (1994) Opt. Lett., 19, p. 12

Experimental Investigation On Data And Control Planes Of The Omega Test Bed

We describe the OMEGA test bed, an all-optical five-node IP over WDM re-configurable two-layer network. Its data plane is evaluated in physical impairments experiments, based on measurements of BER, eye-diagram and OSNR, with emphasis on the influence of number of hops, number of channels, amplifier location (before or after the node), and channel power fluctuation after routing over different length paths. The OMEGA control plane provides protection and restoration functionalities with wavelength routing. Its operation is demonstrated in two transmission experiments: Gb-Ethernet and IP over WDM with protection at the optical layer.5358Wei, J.Y., IP over WDM network traffic engineering approaches (2002) Proc. OFC 2002, pp. 102-104. , MarGrammel, X.S., Coltro, C., The Introduction of a Control Plane in Deployed Networks ECOC 2001, , paper 501Ali, M., (2001) Transmission-efficient Design and Management of Wavelength-routed Optical Networks, 1st Ed., , Kluwer Adademic Publishers, MassachusettsMoral, A.R., Bonefant, P., Baroni, S., Wu, R., Optical Data Networking: Protocols, Technologies, and Architectures for Next Generation Optical Transport Networks and Optical Internetworks (2000) IEEE J. of Lightwave Techno., 18 (12), pp. 1855-1870Kazovsky, L.G., Shrikhande, K., White, I.M., Rogge, M., Wonglumson, D., Optical Metropolitan Area Networks (2001) Proc. OFC'2001, , paper WU1Rocha, M.L., Rossi, S.M., Barros, M.R.X., Pezzolo, L., Rosolem, J.B., Oliveira, M.F., Paradisi, A., Experimental performance evaluation of five-node IP over WDM laboratory test-bed (2002) IEE Electronics Letters, 38 (23), pp. 1460-1462Rocha, M.L., Rossi, S.M., Barros, M.R.X., Pezzolo, L., Rosolem, J.B., Oliveira, M.F., Paradisi, A., Gavler, A., Amplifier placement in a metro-scaled wavelength-routed network (2003) IEE Electronics Letters, 39 (3), pp. 302-304. , FebDesurvire, E., (1994) Erbium-doped Fibre Amplifiers - Principles and Applications, pp. 140-153. , John Wiley & SonsAbbade, M.L.F., Paradisi, A., Rossi, S.M., De Barros, M.R.X., Rocha, M.L., Impact of linear transmission impairments on a metropolitan optical network scale (2001) 19 Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações, SBrT, , Brazil, SepRossi, S.M., Rocha, M.L., Barros, M.R.X., Rosolem, J.B., Paradisi, A., Optical WDM networks with distributed IP-centric control plane Proceedings of X Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Symposium, , SBMO'2002, paper 170, Recife. BrazilRocha, M.L., Rossi, S.M., Barros, M.R.X., Pezzolo, L., Rosolem, J.B., Oliveira, M.F., Paradisi, A., Experimental performance evaluation of five-node IP over WDM laboratory test-bed (2002) IEE Electronics Letters, 38 (23), pp. 1460-1462. , NovRossi, S.M., Padua, F.J.L., Barros, M.R.X., Rocha, M.L., Rosolem, J.B., Moschim, E., Paradisi, A., Impact of physicallayer impairments on optical network performance Proceedings of International Telecommunications Symnposium, , IEEE ITS'2002, paper 148, Natal, Brazi