10 research outputs found
Crowdsourcing as a tool for urban emergency management: lessons from the literature and typology
Recently, citizen involvement has been increasingly used in urban disaster prevention and
management, taking advantage of new ubiquitous and collaborative technologies. This scenario has
created a unique opportunity to leverage the work of crowds of volunteers. As a result, crowdsourcing
approaches for disaster prevention and management have been proposed and evaluated. However,
the articulation of citizens, tasks, and outcomes as a continuous flow of knowledge generation reveals
a complex ecosystem that requires coordination efforts to manage interdependencies in crowd work.
To tackle this challenging problem, this paper extends to the context of urban emergency management
the results of a previous study that investigates how crowd work is managed in crowdsourcing
platforms applied to urban planning. The goal is to understand how crowdsourcing techniques
and quality control dimensions used in urban planning could be used to support urban emergency
management, especially in the context of mining-related dam outages. Through a systematic literature
review, our study makes a comparison between crowdsourcing tools designed for urban planning and
urban emergency management and proposes a five-dimension typology of quality in crowdsourcing,
which can be leveraged for optimizing urban planning and emergency management processes
Systematic approach to cyber resilience operationalization in SMEs
The constantly evolving cyber threat landscape is a latent problem for today’s companies. This
is especially true for the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because they have limited resources
to face the threats but, as a group, represent an extensive payload for cybercriminals to exploit. Moreover, the
traditional cybersecurity approach of protecting against known threats cannot withstand the rapidly evolving
technologies and threats used by cybercriminals. This study claims that cyber resilience, a more holistic
approach to cybersecurity, could help SMEs anticipate, detect, withstand, recover from and evolve after
cyber incidents. However, to operationalize cyber resilience is not an easy task, and thus, the study presents
a framework with a corresponding implementation order for SMEs that could help them implement cyber
resilience practices. The framework is the result of using a variation of Design Science Research in which
Grounded Theory was used to induce the most important actions required to implement cyber resilience and
an iterative evaluation from experts to validate the actions and put them in a logical order. Therefore, this
study proposes that the framework could benefit SME managers to understand cyber resilience, as well as
help them start implementing it with concrete actions and an order dictated by the experience of experts.
This could potentially ease cyber resilience implementation for SMEs by making them aware of what cyber
resilience implies, which dimensions it includes and what actions can be implemented to increase their cyber
resilience
Guest editorial forward to the special issue on systems integration and collaboration in design, manufacturing, and services
Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye
A Framework for Awareness Support in Groupware Systems
This paper introduces a framework for awareness support in groupware systems. This framework, called BW, intends to support past event awareness. It has been designed to be used when developing new groupware applications and also to improve existent ones. This paper summarizes the characteristics and the structure of BW, and discusses two applications that use it
Systematic approach to cyber resilience operationalization in SMEs
The constantly evolving cyber threat landscape is a latent problem for today’s companies. This
is especially true for the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because they have limited resources
to face the threats but, as a group, represent an extensive payload for cybercriminals to exploit. Moreover, the
traditional cybersecurity approach of protecting against known threats cannot withstand the rapidly evolving
technologies and threats used by cybercriminals. This study claims that cyber resilience, a more holistic
approach to cybersecurity, could help SMEs anticipate, detect, withstand, recover from and evolve after
cyber incidents. However, to operationalize cyber resilience is not an easy task, and thus, the study presents
a framework with a corresponding implementation order for SMEs that could help them implement cyber
resilience practices. The framework is the result of using a variation of Design Science Research in which
Grounded Theory was used to induce the most important actions required to implement cyber resilience and
an iterative evaluation from experts to validate the actions and put them in a logical order. Therefore, this
study proposes that the framework could benefit SME managers to understand cyber resilience, as well as
help them start implementing it with concrete actions and an order dictated by the experience of experts.
This could potentially ease cyber resilience implementation for SMEs by making them aware of what cyber
resilience implies, which dimensions it includes and what actions can be implemented to increase their cyber
resilience
Supporting Unstructured Activities in Crisis Management: A Collaboration Model and Prototype to Improve Situation Awareness
Organizations orchestrate work along a continuum of structured and unstructured activities. Particularly in
emergency situations and crisis management scenarios, the organization’s procedures and information systems may
not cope with the information and collaboration requirements imposed by the dynamic of unplanned situations,
emerging such unstructured work practices. In this paper we present a collaboration model and a PDA prototype to
assist these unstructured activities aiming to improve their consistency and effectiveness. Inspired on the Reasons
Swiss Cheese model for accidents, the proposed approach relies in the development of a shared Situation
Awareness, constructed from a set of collaboratively constructed Situation Matrixes which expose involved users
contributions to the overall solution strategy. An application Scenario in the Emergency management area is
presented