Studies towards automated ovulation prediction in the pig industry: an electrochemical immunosensor for oestradiol in saliva [poster presentation]

Accurate ovulation prediction in pigs could lead to considerable reduction in losses incurred through failed artificial insemination, poorly controlled litter sizes and unnecessary culling of inaccurately diagnosed "barren" sows. The aim of this work is to predict the onset of oestrus in pigs by monitoring oestradiol levels in saliva. An automated method is proposed, for use outside the laboratory, based on single-use screen-printed electrochemical immunosensors. This approach follows on from previous work by the same authors towards an automated electrochemical progesterone monitor. This paper will describe the preparation of oestradiol sensors by immobilisation of monoclonal antibody onto the carbon electrode surface. Use of the sensors will be described in a competitive immunoassay format, where oestradiol (in buffer or saliva) competes against alkaline-phosphatase-labelled antigen for surface binding. Introduction of the enzyme substrate 1-naphthyl phosphate results in hydrolisis to produce the electrochemically active product, 1-naphthol. Electrochemical oxidation of 1-naphthol, measured amperometrically at an applied potential of +300 mv vs Ag/AgCl, produces a current response which can be used to quantify the oestradiol by use of a calibration plot. The approach used to obtain saliva samples and to achieve an automated system capable of measuring down to picogram/ml levels of oestradiol will be discussed

Relating constructs of attention and working memory to social withdrawal in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia: issues regarding paradigm selection

Central nervous system diseases are not currently diagnosed based on knowledge of biological mechanisms underlying their symptoms. Greater understanding may be offered through an agnostic approach to traditional disease categories, where learning more about shared biological mechanisms across conditions could potentially reclassify sub-groups of patients to allow realisation of more effective treatments. This review represents the output of the collaborative group “PRISM”, tasked with considering assay choices for assessment of attention and working memory in a transdiagnostic cohort of Alzheimer''s disease and schizophrenia patients exhibiting symptomatic spectra of social withdrawal. A multidimensional analysis of this nature has not been previously attempted. Nominated assays (continuous performance test III, attention network test, digit symbol substitution, N-back, complex span, spatial navigation in a virtual environment) reflected a necessary compromise between the need for broad assessment of the neuropsychological constructs in question with several pragmatic criteria: patient burden, compatibility with neurophysiologic measures and availability of preclinical homologues

Relating constructs of attention and working memory to social withdrawal in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia: issues regarding paradigm selection

Central nervous system diseases are not currently diagnosed based on knowledge of biological mechanisms underlying their symptoms. Greater understanding may be offered through an agnostic approach to traditional disease categories, where learning more about shared biological mechanisms across conditions could potentially reclassify sub-groups of patients to allow realisation of more effective treatments. This review represents the output of the collaborative group "PRISM", tasked with considering assay choices for assessment of attention and working memory in a transdiagnostic cohort of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia patients exhibiting symptomatic spectra of social withdrawal. A multidimensional analysis of this nature has not been previously attempted. Nominated assays (continuous performance test III, attention network test, digit symbol substitution, N-back, complex span, spatial navigation in a virtual environment) reflected a necessary compromise between the need for broad assessment of the neuropsychological constructs in question with several pragmatic criteria: patient burden, compatibility with neurophysiologic measures and availability of preclinical homologues