Exploring Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase (TLL)-PdNPs Nanohybrid as Suitable Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)phenylmethane

Palladium nanohybrids were synthesized and applied to the one-pot synthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methanes by selective C−C bond reaction from benzyl alcohol and indole. A T. lanuginosus lipase-palladium nanoparticles hybrid (Pd@TLL) was synthesized, yielding PdNPs with an average diameter size of 5 nm. This heterogeneous catalyst was first tested in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in different solvents. Then, the direct formation of bis(3-indolyl)methane, by in situ oxidation and C−C coupling, was successfully evaluated under different conditions, obtaining >99 % conversion at 80 °C in toluene, with a TOF value of 9 min−1 and 89 % in pure water, demonstrating the versatility of these biohybrids. © 2023 The Authors. ChemCatChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.This work was supported by the Spanish Government, the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). The authors thank the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia for fellowship BD/ 142876/2018 (A.S.S.) and project PTDC/QUI-QOR/0712/2020. We also thank Dr. Martinez from Novozymes. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)Peer reviewe