Study on the effect of feeding different levels of energy in compound Pellet on performance of growing black Bengal Goat

Three different complete compound pellets containing different levels of energy, viz. SE (standard energy, ME content 10.28MJ/kg DM as per NRC, 1981), LE (low energy, ME content 9.25MJ/kg DM) 10% less ME and HE (high energy, ME content 11.30MJ/kg DM) 10% high ME than SE respectively, were prepared and fed to three groups of growing Black Bengal goats for evaluating feeding value. Completely randomized design was followed in the experiment. The effect of different levels of energy containing pellet on performance of goat was varied. Both dietary group SE and HE showed higher (p<0.01) weight gain, total CPI, total MEI, and better (p<0.05) FCR and PCR than dietary group LE and only dietary group HE showed higher (p<0.05) total DMI, MEI 100kg-1 LW d-1 and MEI kg-1W0.75 d-1 than LE and DMI kg-1W0.75 d-1 than SE and LE. Higher (p<0.01) digestibility of DM, OM, ADF, NDF and (p<0.05) CP and CF was observed in SE and HE and digestibility of NFE in HE was higher (p<0.01) than SE and LE. On the other hand, higher (p<0.05) digestibility of EE was observed in SE and LE. Digestible crude protein, TDN and D value were higher (p<0.01) in SE and HE. Digestible EE was highest (p<0.01) in LE and lowest in HE but digestible NFE was highest (p<0.01) in HE and lowest in LE. Higher (p0.05) nitrogen retention was observed in SE and HE. Meat yield, selling price of meat, and total price was highest in HE and both SE and HE showed higher (p<0.01) value of the parameters than LE. Total rearing cost was highest (p<0.01) in HE and lowest in LE. Higher (p<0.05) net profit was obtained from SE and HE than LE. There was a positive correlation between increase of energy in dietary pellet and performance. It can be concluded that high energy containing pellet may be used for commercial Black Bengal goat production in stall feeding

Tribological behavior and vibration effect on the friction coefficient and temperature of glass fiber composite

The extents of contact coefficient are diverse for various material sets relying upon typical load and sliding speed. In the present research, grating coefficients and wear of glass fiber (GF) composite circles sliding against aluminum stick under vibration are explored and the outcomes were contrasted with a similar condition which is not in under vibration. So as to play out the tests, a stick on circle mechanical assembly is utilized. Tests are completed when aluminum stick slides on glass fiber (GF) plates of various organizations, for example, polyamide 6 (PA6), 20% GF and 15% GF. Examinations are led at ordinary load 2.5, 3.75 and 5N, sliding speed 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m/s. Varieties of erosion coefficient with the length of rubbing at diverse typical loads and sliding speeds are explored under vibration (vertical vibration). As a rule, contact coefficient expanded for a specific length of rubbing yet after that it stay steady for whatever remains of the test time. The trial result uncovers that contact coefficient diminished with the expansion in ordinary load for all the tried plates at steady speed and spring solidness. Then again, it is additionally found that grating coefficient diminished with the expansion in sliding speed however wear rate increments. Besides, both the friction coefficient and wear rate expanded with the expansion in spring firmness at consistent typical load and sliding speed for all sliding pairs. The contact coefficient is observed to be to some degree littler under vibration contrasted with that of vibration less condition.

Performance Analysis of Plain Journal Bearing Using CFD Model

Bearing stability depends on the slenderness ratio (L/D), lubricant film thickness, lubricant whirl frequency, lubricant oil temperature, lubricant pressure, attitude angle, stiffness coefficient, viscosity, lubricant density etc.Due to the friction force between shaft and bearing, bearing performance need to be determined according to different lubrication states and different geometry of the journal bearing, though it is difficult to find the performance using experiment. A new approach has been proposed in this study to determine the performance parameter using Ansys.The purpose of this study is to obtain an efficient slenderness ratio (L/D) by stiffness coefficient analysis on different coordinate of the journal bearing. It is a major concern to find out the viscosity and slenderness ratio (L/D) effects on bearing performance using CFD analysis. This is the first such type of study that the bearing performance has been conducted with0.25 to 1.00 range of slenderness ratioand change of viscosity of lubricants by FLUENT 14.5. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approach was applied which focused an optimized slenderness ratio range of 0.25 to 0.5 results lower elastic strain, deformation, and stress formation on the journal comparison to 1.00L/D ratio.

Performance of growing black Bengal Goat Fed compound Pellet of different diameters

An experiment was conducted at Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to observe the effect of different diameters of pellet diet on the performance of Black Bengal goat. Three diameter of a compound pellet diet such as D10, D8 and D6 (D10-10mm, D8-8mm and D6-6mm) were prepared according to NRC (1981) nutrient requirement and fed to goats of three groups. Insignificantly highest weight gain was observed in D10. Total Dry matter intake (kg), total crude protein intake (kg), metabolizable energy (MJ) intake (total, 100kg-1 LW d-1, kg-1W.75 d-1) and MEI/LWG (MJ/kg) were gradually increased with the decrease of pellet diameter but the difference of the parameters among the treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05). Both DM and CP intake (100kg-1LW d-1, kg-1W.75 d-1) were also increased with the decrease of diameter where D6 showed significantly (p0.05) CP and ADF digestibility value than D6. Digestibility of CF was highest in D8 but both D10 and D8 showed higher (p0.05) CP and D value in D10 and D8 than D6. Though nitrogen intake, outgo in feces and excretion in urine was highest in D6 and nitrogen retention was highest in D10 but the difference among the treatments was not significant (p>0.05). Dressing percentage, meat yield, price of meat, total sale price was insignificantly higher (p>0.05) in D10 and D8 and feed cost, total rearing cost, cost per kg weight gain and per kg meat yield was insignificantly higher (p>0.05) in D6. Highest profit was found in D10 and lowest in D6 and the difference was huge (Tk. 262.51) but did not differ significantly. It can be said that pellet with 10mm diameter may be used for economic goat production in stall feeding system

Seamless Handover Scheme for MEC/SDN-Based Vehicular Networks

With the recent advances in the fifth-generation cellular system (5G), enabling vehicular communications has become a demand. The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a promising paradigm that enables the communication and interaction between vehicles and other surrounding devices, e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. However, enabling such networks faces many challenges due to the mobility of vehicles. One of these challenges is the design of handover schemes that manage the communications at the intersection of coverage regions. To this end, this work considers developing a novel seamless and efficient handover scheme for V2X-based networks. The developed scheme manages the handover process while vehicles move between two neighboring roadside units (RSU). The developed mechanism is introduced for multilane bidirectional roads. The developed scheme is implemented by multiple-access edge computing (MEC) units connected to the RSUs to improve the implementation time and make the handover process faster. The considered MEC platform deploys an MEC controller that implements a control scheme of the software-defined networking (SDN) controller that manages the network. The SDN paradigm is introduced to make the handover process seamless; however, implementing such a controlling scheme by the introduction of an MEC controller achieves the process faster than going through the core network. The developed handover scheme was evaluated over the reliable platform of NS-3, and the results validated the developed scheme. The results obtained are presented and discussed. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland