1,817 research outputs found
SVOD Global Expansion in Cross-National Comparative Perspective: Netflix in Israel and Spain
This article compares the processes by which Netflix entered national pay-television markets in Israel and Spain. In both contexts, Netflix first establishes itself through collaborations with over-the-top (OTT) television operators and then expands through collaborations with legacy providers. By using the perspective of cross-national comparative research, this analysis complicates the scholarly understandings of subscription video on-demand (SVOD) global expansion by drawing attention to the significance of national multichannel providers. Given the differences between the Spanish and Israeli pay-TV markets, Netflix’s similar pattern of engagement in each case highlights the value of understanding SVOD global expansion as a coherent industrial process that produces distinct, context-dependent outcomes. Ultimately, the histories of Netflix in Israel and Spain reveal that internationalization operates at a meso-level where collaborations with pay-television providers facilitate access to national audiences
Exopolysaccharides production by aerobic granular sludge upon exposure to dual anthropogenic stresses
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Performance of outdoor seawater treatment systems for recirculation in an intensive turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farm
Water treatment systems are mandatory in recirculating aquaculture facilities facing existing regulations, but data on system efficiency, especially for marine species, are scarce. The present work aimed at contributing to the evaluation of the effluent characteristics and the performance of a combined outdoor biological and non-biological treatment system in an intensive turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farm, operating under different hydraulic regimes. A preliminary study on the biofilter bacterial populations
was also undertaken. Changes in effluent characteristics with pumping, season of the year and fish biomass were observed. The treatment system showed performance instability under the conditions assayed (outdoors, changeable recycle rates). Maximum removal of solids was observed in winter, with microscreen or biological filtration (up to 60%) and nitrite removal (40–98%) was achieved with ozonation.
Reduction in ammonium levels was higher in summer, either mechanically (74%) or biologically (33%). Phosphate removal was higher in winter with both systems (37 and 60%, respectively). Compliance with Portuguese discharge standards was achieved. For improvements in the treatment loop, further studies on biofilter bacteria under outdoor conditions are needed, and biological denitrification is encouraged
Treatment of industrial wastewater with two-stage constructed wetlands planted with typha latifolia and phragmites australis
Industrial wastewater treatment comprises several processes to fulfill the discharge permits or to enable the reuse of wastewater. For tannery wastewater, constructed wetlands (CWs) may be an interesting treatment option. Two-stage series of horizontal subsurface flow CWs with Phragmites australis (UP series)
and Typha latifolia (UT series) provided high removal of organics from tannery wastewater, up to 88% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (from an inlet of 420 to 1000 mg L-1) and 92% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (from an inlet of 808 to 2449 mg L-1), and of other contaminants, such as nitrogen, operating at hydraulic retention times of 2, 5 and 7 days. No significant (P < 0.05) differences in performance
were found between both the series. Overall mass removals of up to 1294 kg COD ha-1 d-1 and 529 kg BOD5 h-1 d-1 were achieved for a loading ranging from 242 to 1925 kg COD ha-1 d-1 and from 126 to 900 kg BOD5 ha-1 d-1. Plants were resilient to the conditions imposed, however P. australis exceeded T. latifolia in terms of propagation.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater
Wastewaters from leather processing are very complex and lead to water pollution if
discharged untreated, especially due to its high organic loading. In this study the survival of different plant species in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands receiving tannery wastewater was investigated. Five pilot units were vegetated with Canna indica, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Iris pseudacorus, and a sixth unit was left as an unvegetated control. The treatment performance of the systems under
two different hydraulic loading rates, 3 and 6 cmd1, was assessed. COD was reduced by
41–73% for an inlet organic loading varying between 332 and 1602 kg ha1 d1 and BOD5 was
reduced by 41–58% for an inlet organic loading varying between 218 and 780 kg ha 1 d1. Nutrient removal occurred to lower extents. Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were the only plants that were able to establish successfully. Despite the high removal of organic content from the influent wastewater, during 17 months of operation, no significant differences in performance were observed between units
Biological treatment of a contaminated gaseous emission from a paint and varnish plant—from laboratory studies to pilot-scale operation
A Vapour-Phase Bioreactor (VPB), namely a biotrickling filter, was scaled-up and operated in-situ for the treatment of gaseous emissions from a paint and varnish industrial plant. A microbial culture able to degrade the target compounds was enriched and a laboratory-scale VPB was established in order to evaluate the treatment's performance. The VPB presented removal efficiencies higher than 90% when exposed to Organic Loads (OL) of ca 50 g h−1 m−3 of reactor. The VPB was exposed to dynamic conditions often found in-situ (eg night and weekend shutdown periods) and showed a fast capacity to recover, with and without mineral medium recirculation. After a prolonged interruption period (10 months), the VPB was not able to cope with OL of ca 25 g h−1 m−3 of reactor and re-inoculation was required in order to recover the treatment performance. The VPB also showed limited treatment when exposed to higher OL (ca 500 g h−1 m−3 of reactor). The VPB was then scaled-up and a 3 m3 VPB was operated in-situ, showing removal efficiencies higher than 50% when exposed to an OL of c 5 g h−1 m−3 of reactor, thus complying with current legal demands. The addition of a maintenance feed was shown to be a useful tool for VPB pilot-scale operation when shutdown periods occurred. A factorial design of experiments was carried out, which allowed reduction to one-tenth of the initial supply of the main mineral medium constituents, namely phosphate buffer, ammonium and magnesium salts, and also elimination of the metal supplement. Overall, the VPBs were shown to be robust equipment, being able to respond actively to dynamic treatment scenarios, particularly night and weekend shutdown periods. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industr
Treatment of tannery wastewater in a constructed wetlands operating in series with different plant species
The treatment of tannery wastewater has been a very important issue for pollution
control in leather producing countries due to its high pollutant content. Biological
processes offer a natural way of treating wastewaters, when compared to more
aggressive types of treatment. Constructed wetlands can be an alternative to more
conventional biological treatment systems. The species Phragmites australis, Typha spp,
Scirpus spp. and Phalaris arundinacea are some of the plants frequently used in
subsurface flow constructed wetlands.
The present study aimed at assessing the performance of constructed wetland systems
operating in series for the treatment of wastewater derived from a tannery plant. Pilot
units were operated with horizontal subsurface flow and planted with Typha latifolia and
Phragmites australis in an expanded clay matrix. They were subject to two different
hydraulic loadings: 180mm/d and 60 mm/d.
For an hydraulic loading of 180 mm/d, maximum removal efficiencies of 2100
KgCOD/had (48%) were achieved for unit 1 and 1500 KgCOD/had (33%) for unit 2. For
an hydraulic loading of 60 mm/d, maximum removal efficiencies of 360 KgCOD/had
(66%) were achieved for unit 1 and of 250 KgCOD/had (60%) for unit 2. No significant
differences in performance were found between units with different plant species
Bioprospecting microalgae for treatment of marine aquaculture wastewater
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Microbiota-assisted phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils by sunflower
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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