Signatures of the slow solar wind streams from active regions in the inner corona

Some of local sources of the slow solar wind can be associated with spectroscopically detected plasma outflows at edges of active regions accompanied with specific signatures in the inner corona. The EUV telescopes (e.g. SPIRIT/CORONAS-F, TESIS/CORONAS-Photon and SWAP/PROBA2) sometimes observed extended ray-like structures seen at the limb above active regions in 1MK iron emission lines and described as "coronal rays". To verify the relationship between coronal rays and plasma outflows, we analyze an isolated active region (AR) adjacent to small coronal hole (CH) observed by different EUV instruments in the end of July - beginning of August 2009. On August 1 EIS revealed in the AR two compact outflows with the Doppler velocities V =10-30 km/s accompanied with fan loops diverging from their regions. At the limb the ARCH interface region produced coronal rays observed by EUVI/STEREO-A on July 31 as well as by TESIS on August 7. The rays were co-aligned with open magnetic field lines expanded to the streamer stalks. Using the DEM analysis, it was found that the fan loops diverged from the outflow regions had the dominant temperature of ~1 MK, which is similar to that of the outgoing plasma streams. Parameters of the solar wind measured by STEREO-B, ACE, WIND, STEREO-A were conformed with identification of the ARCH as a source region at the Wang-Sheeley-Arge map of derived coronal holes for CR 2086. The results of the study support the suggestion that coronal rays can represent signatures of outflows from ARs propagating in the inner corona along open field lines into the heliosphere.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics; 31 Pages; 13 Figure

Origins of the Ambient Solar Wind: Implications for Space Weather

The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our current understanding of these interrelated problems: coronal heating and the acceleration of the ambient solar wind. We also discuss where the community stands in its ability to forecast how variations in the solar wind (i.e., fast and slow wind streams) impact the Earth. Although the last few decades have seen significant progress in observations and modeling, we still do not have a complete understanding of the relevant physical processes, nor do we have a quantitatively precise census of which coronal structures contribute to specific types of solar wind. Fast streams are known to be connected to the central regions of large coronal holes. Slow streams, however, appear to come from a wide range of sources, including streamers, pseudostreamers, coronal loops, active regions, and coronal hole boundaries. Complicating our understanding even more is the fact that processes such as turbulence, stream-stream interactions, and Coulomb collisions can make it difficult to unambiguously map a parcel measured at 1 AU back down to its coronal source. We also review recent progress -- in theoretical modeling, observational data analysis, and forecasting techniques that sit at the interface between data and theory -- that gives us hope that the above problems are indeed solvable.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews. Special issue connected with a 2016 ISSI workshop on "The Scientific Foundations of Space Weather." 44 pages, 9 figure

"Etwas schaffen, worauf man stolz sein kann." Kulturentwicklung am Beispiel der Emmi AG

Dieses Kapitel zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus der Erfolgsgeschichte von Emmi: Es beschreibt, wie das größte Schweizer Milchverarbeitungsunternehmen in einem raschen agrarpolitischen Wandel kontinuierlich eine Firmenkultur aufbaut und damit eine wichtige Basis für den nachhaltigen Unternehmenserfolg legt. Die Fallanalyse zeigt, mit welchen Herausforderungen Emmi konfrontiert ist, wie Kulturentwicklung bei Emmi erfolgt, welche Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen dabei gemacht wurden und welche Erkenntnisse für Kulturentwicklung daraus abgeleitet werden können. Basis ist ein Gespräch zwischen der Personalleiterin Emmi, Natalie Rüedi, Mitglied der Konzernleitung, mit Christoph Hoffmann vom IAP Institut für Angewandte Psychologie, verantwortlicher Projektleiter der begleitenden Führungsentwicklung. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie Emmi die Kultur gezielt beeinflusst und steuert, wie dazu Werte, Führungsgrundsätze und Instrumente erarbeitet wurden und welche Rolle die gezielte Führungsentwicklung dabei spielt