39 research outputs found
Production of Medical Radioisotopes with High Specific Activity in Photonuclear Reactions with Beams of High Intensity and Large Brilliance
We study the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine in
photonuclear reactions or ()
photoexcitation reactions with high flux [()/s], small
diameter m and small band width () beams produced by Compton back-scattering of laser
light from relativistic brilliant electron beams. We compare them to (ion,np) reactions with (ion=p,d,) from particle accelerators like
cyclotrons and (n,) or (n,f) reactions from nuclear reactors. For
photonuclear reactions with a narrow beam the energy deposition in the
target can be managed by using a stack of thin target foils or wires, hence
avoiding direct stopping of the Compton and pair electrons (positrons).
isomer production via specially selected cascades
allows to produce high specific activity in multiple excitations, where no
back-pumping of the isomer to the ground state occurs. We discuss in detail
many specific radioisotopes for diagnostics and therapy applications.
Photonuclear reactions with beams allow to produce certain
radioisotopes, e.g. Sc, Ti, Cu, Pd, Sn,
Er, Pt or Ac, with higher specific activity and/or
more economically than with classical methods. This will open the way for
completely new clinical applications of radioisotopes. For example Pt
could be used to verify the patient's response to chemotherapy with platinum
compounds before a complete treatment is performed. Also innovative isotopes
like Sc, Cu and Ac could be produced for the first time
in sufficient quantities for large-scale application in targeted radionuclide
therapy.Comment: submitted to Appl. Phys.
Monte Carlo Dose Distribution Calculation of 103Pd Source in Water and Soft Tissue Phantoms Using MCNP
Calculated neutron air kerma strength conversion factors for a generically encapsulated Cf-252 brachytherapy source
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Neutron dosimetry for low dose rate Cf-252 AT sources and adherence to recent clinical dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy
In 1995, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 (AAPM TG-43) published a protocol obsoleting all mixed-field radiation dosimetry for Cf-252. Recommendations for a new brachytherapy dosimetry formalism made by this Task Group favor quantification of source strength in terms of air kerma rather than apparent Curies or other radiation units. Additionally, representation of this dosimetry data in terms of radial dose functions, anisotropy functions, geometric factors, and dose rate constants are in an angular and radial (spherical) coordinate system as recommended, rather than the along-away dosimetry data (Cartesian coordinate system) currently available. This paper presents the initial results of calculated neutron dosimetry in a water phantom for a Cf-252 applicator tube (AT) type medical source soon available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
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Development of high-activity {sup 252}Cf sources for neutron brachytherapy
The Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center of Wayne State University (WSU), Detroit, Michigan, is using {sup 252}Cf medical sources for neutron brachytherapy. These sources are based on a 20-year-old design containing {le} 30 {micro}g {sup 252}Cf in the form of a cermet wire of Cf{sub 2}O{sub 3} in a palladium matrix. The Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been asked to develop tiny high-activity {sup 252}Cf neutron sources for use with remote afterloading equipment to reduce treatment times and dose to clinical personnel and to expedite treatment of brain and other tumors. To date, the REDC has demonstrated that {sup 252}Cf loadings can be greatly increased in cermet wires much smaller than before. Equipment designed for hot cell fabrication of these wires is being tested. A parallel program is under way to relicense the existing source design for fabrication at the REDC
A Position Sensitive Neutron Spectrometer/Dosimeter Based on Pressurized Superheated Drop (Bubble) Detectors
PO-0974: Organ doses in a male phantom undergoing high-dose-rate brachytherapy applied to localized prostate carcinoma
Early-Stage Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Californium-252 Neutron Brachytherapy: Clinical Report on 16 Cases
Dose-rate to water calibrations for brachytherapy sources from the end-user perspective
Independent primary standards for brachytherapy photon-emitting source calibration in terms of dose-rate to water have been developed within the framework of the Euramet T2.J06 project. The introduction of dose-rate to water calibration presents an important change in clinical brachytherapy dosimetry that is expected to result to improved dosimetric accuracy. Nevertheless, as with any change in dosimetry for radiation therapy purposes, a phase-in period of well concerted actions aimed at precluding ambiguities and accidents at the end-user level is necessary. The overall uncertainty budget of clinical brachytherapy applications, as well as current trends in brachytherapy treatment planning system dose-calculation algorithms, also need to be considered for a realistic assessment of the net benefit of improving source calibration accuracy. © 2012 BIPM & IOP Publishing Ltd