Characterization of impact fracture of brittle solid-waste forms

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing particle size distributions obtained in impact testing of brittle waste-form materials. The methodology includes (a) a linear two-parameter lognormal correlation of the weight fraction less than any given size, (b) a mathematical function of the two lognormal parameters to determine the total surface area in terms of a dimensionless shape factor, and (c) a surface-energy constant to predict the anticipated increase of surface area from the known energy absorbed in the impact of the brittle material. Preliminary measurements were made on impacted simulated glass specimens. The analysis is used as an example of the methodology. These results are also compared with reanalyzed impact test data reported by others

Oral Rote Sequencing Abilities of Kindergarten and Fourth-Grade Students

A population of 300 Kindergarteners and fourth graders were asked to perform a series of rote sequencing language tasks which included naming the days of the week, the months of the year, saying the alphabet and counting. The subjects were also asked to name as many colors as they could. Provisional norms for the performance on these tasks were proposed from the data. The data suggest no difference in performance between the sexes in either grade population. Marked improvement in rote sequencing abilities appeared for all tasks between the two grade levels except for naming colors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67822/2/10.1177_152574017900300103.pd

Sulforaphane reduces hepatic glucose production and improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes

A potentially useful approach for drug discovery is to connect gene expression profiles of disease-affected tissues ("disease signatures") to drug signatures, but it remains to be shown whether it can be used to identify clinically relevant treatment options. We analyzed coexpression networks and genetic data to identify a disease signature for type 2 diabetes in liver tissue. By interrogating a library of 3800 drug signatures, we identified sulforaphane as a compound that may reverse the disease signature. Sulforaphane suppressed glucose production from hepatic cells by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and decreased expression of key enzymes in gluconeogenesis. Moreover, sulforaphane reversed the disease signature in the livers from diabetic animals and attenuated exaggerated glucose production and glucose intolerance by a magnitude similar to that of metformin. Finally, sulforaphane, provided as concentrated broccoli sprout extract, reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese patients with dysregulated type 2 diabetes