Vertebral arteries and cervical rotation: Modeling and magnetic resonance angiography studies

Objective: To determine whether lumen narrowing in vertebral arteries during atlanto-axial rotation is due to stretch or localized compression. Design and Setting: Experiments with models were made in a private chiropractic clinic, whereas studies of cadaveric specimens were performed in an anatomy laboratory. Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies were carried out in the radiology department of a public hospital. Patients: Eight patients had their vertebral arteries examined by use of a Doppler velocimeter and MRA. Main Outcome Measure: Stenosis of the vertebral arteries caused by stretch, localized compression, or kinking. Results: All 16 vertebral arteries from the 8 patients displayed no changes in their lumen dimensions with full cervical rotation, although curves in each of the arteries did change. The model and cadaveric vertebral arteries demonstrated localized compression or kinking of the vessel wall with atlanto-axial rotation contralaterally but revealed no evidence of major contribution of stretching to stenosis. Conclusion: The lumen of vertebral arteries is usually unaffected by atlanto-axial rotation. In cases where there is stenosis, this is mainly due to localized compression or kinking. These findings are relevant to premanipulative screening of vertebral arteries with Doppler ultrasound scanning

Posterior ponticles and rotational stenosis of vertebral arteries. A pilot study using Doppler ultrasound velocimetry and magnetic resonance angiography

Objective To determine whether the presence of posterior ponticles markedly increases by 30% or more, the incidence of major rotational stenosis of vertebral arteries. Methods Doppler ultrasound studies were performed in 3 private chiropractic clinics and in the radiology department of a public hospital, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies were made in the latter location. Thirty-two chiropractic patients had Doppler velocimetery, and 16 of these patients had MRA scanning. The outcome measures included changes in Doppler velocimetry signals and MRA images indicative of marked rotational stenosis of vertebral arteries. Results All vertebral arteries from the 32 patients displayed no signs indicative of marked rotational stenosis. Conclusion The findings of this study show that the incidence of major rotational stenosis of vertebral arteries is not markedly increased by the presence of posterior ponticles

33 countries of origin’ profiles - C.A.P.T.I.V.E. Cultural Agent Promoting & Targeting Interventions vs Violence & Enslavement

33 Countries of Origin pertaining to violence and enslavement are depicted in this publication. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a tragic reality for many women and girls across the globe. Women who are migrants or refugees are among the most vulnerable, with up to 7 out of every 10 migrant women reporting a lifetime experience of GBV. A portion of these women will be fleeing conflict-related sexual violence or may be seeking a life removed from where domestic and/or sexual violence, harassment and other harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation, are normalised. However, sadly women and girls continue to be at risk of a range of GBV, like sexual assault, forced prostitution and trafficking, on their migration journey. In their host countries, a whole new set of challenges arise for women and girls related to their immigration status, cultural and linguistic diversity and economic disadvantage.Project reference CAPTIVE/Just/2015/ RDAP/AG/VICT/9243 C.A.P.T.I.V.E. Cultural Agent Promoting & Targeting Interventions vs Violence & Enslavement JUSTICE Programme – RIGHTS, EQUALITY and CITIZENSHIP – DAPHNE Strandpeer-reviewe