POTENTIALITY OF MODERN ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF LIVER STRUCTURE BY THE EXAMPLE OF GILBERT’S SYNDROME

Technical advances in recent years have greatly expanded the diagnostic potentialities of ultrasound study, providing opportunities in a number of cases to diagnose and begin treatment as soon as possible. The authors propose to use the method of assessment of the liver parenchyma using acoustic histometry. We examined 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with a preliminary diagnosis of Gilbert’s syndrome. We studied gene UGT1A1 in all children, performed an ultrasound scan of the liver and spleen, and calculated the liver-spleen index. Two examples using the new method of noninvasive diagnosis have been cited. The obtained results of the study demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of this technique, and can be recommended in addition to the traditional ultrasound scan. Key words: liver, spleen, Gilbert’s syndrome, ultrasound, acoustic histometries, liver-spleen index, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (5): 88–90.

POTENTIALITY OF MODERN ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF LIVER STRUCTURE BY THE EXAMPLE OF GILBERT’S SYNDROME

Technical advances in recent years have greatly expanded the diagnostic potentialities of ultrasound study, providing opportunities in a number of cases to diagnose and begin treatment as soon as possible. The authors propose to use the method of assessment of the liver parenchyma using acoustic histometry. We examined 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with a preliminary diagnosis of Gilbert’s syndrome. We studied gene UGT1A1 in all children, performed an ultrasound scan of the liver and spleen, and calculated the liver-spleen index. Two examples using the new method of noninvasive diagnosis have been cited. The obtained results of the study demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of this technique, and can be recommended in addition to the traditional ultrasound scan. Key words: liver, spleen, Gilbert’s syndrome, ultrasound, acoustic histometries, liver-spleen index, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (5): 88–90.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ СТРУКТУРЫ ПЕЧЕНИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СИНДРОМА ЖИЛЬБЕРА

Technical advances in recent years have greatly expanded the diagnostic potentialities of ultrasound study, providing opportunities in a number of cases to diagnose and begin treatment as soon as possible. The authors propose to use the method of assessment of the liver parenchyma using acoustic histometry. We examined 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with a preliminary diagnosis of Gilbert’s syndrome. We studied gene UGT1A1 in all children, performed an ultrasound scan of the liver and spleen, and calculated the liver-spleen index. Two examples using the new method of noninvasive diagnosis have been cited. The obtained results of the study demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of this technique, and can be recommended in addition to the traditional ultrasound scan. Key words: liver, spleen, Gilbert’s syndrome, ultrasound, acoustic histometries, liver-spleen index, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (5): 88–90.)Технические достижения последних лет значительно расширили диагностические возможности ультразвукового обследования, предоставив возможности в ряде случаев в кратчайшие сроки установить диагноз и начать терапию. Авторы статьи предлагают к применению метод оценки состояния паренхимы печени с использованием акустических гистометрий. Обследовано 200 детей в возрасте от 8 до 16 лет с предварительным диагнозом синдром Жильбера. Всем детям проведено изучение гена UGT1A1, выполнено ультразвуковое сканирование печени и селезенки, рассчитан печеночно-селезеночный индекс. Приведены два примера использования нового метода неинвазивной диагностики. Полученные результаты исследования демонстрируют высокую чувствительность и специфичность данной методики, и могут быть рекомендованы в дополнение к традиционному ультразвуковому сканированию. Ключевые слова: печень, селезенка, синдром Жильбера, ультразвуковая диагностика, акустические гистометрии, печеночно-селезеночный индекс, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2011; 8 (5): 88–90.

GILBERT’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children

GILBERT’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children

Quantitative investigations of cation complexationof photochromic 8-benzothiazole substituted benzopyran: towards metal-ion senensors

The photochromic, thermochromic and metallochromic behaviour of a series of three spiro[indoline-8-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-benzopyrans] has been investigated. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of their thermal equilibrium between the ring-closed (spiro) and ring-opened (merocyanine) isomeric forms have been determined using UV-Vis absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopies. By adding Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in acetonitrile solution, 1:1 and 1:2 metal:merocyanine complexes are formed simultaneously. Using appropriate numerical methods, the kinetic analysis of the complexation allowed us to determine accurately key thermodynamic and spectroscopic parameters of the metal complexes. Results showed that the complexation strength is very sensitive to the size of the indoline nitrogen substituent. Complexation can be reversed by shining white light on the coloured complexes which regenerates the inactive spiropyran form, and releases the metallic ion; hence, these systems display fully reversible negative photochromism. The Zn(II) complexes exhibit intense fluorescence in the 600–800 nm wavelength range. All these behaviours make these spiropyrans bearing benzothiazole heterocycles promising building blocks for the future construction of photodynamic chemosensors for transition metal ions

Quantitative investigations of cation complexation of photochromic 8-benzothiazole-substituted benzopyran: towards metal-ion sensors

The photochromic, thermochromic and metallochromic behaviour of a series of three spiro[indoline-8-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-benzopyrans] has been investigated. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of their thermal equilibrium between the ring-closed (spiro) and ring-opened (merocyanine) isomeric forms have been determined using UV-Vis absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopies. By adding Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in acetonitrile solution, 1:1 and 1:2 metal:merocyanine complexes are formed simultaneously. Using appropriate numerical methods, the kinetic analysis of the complexation allowed us to determine accurately key thermodynamic and spectroscopic parameters of the metal complexes. Results showed that the complexation strength is very sensitive to the size of the indoline nitrogen substituent. Complexation can be reversed by shining white light on the coloured complexes which regenerates the inactive spiropyran form, and releases the metallic ion; hence, these systems display fully reversible negative photochromism. The Zn(II) complexes exhibit intense fluorescence in the 600–800 nm wavelength range. All these behaviours make these spiropyrans bearing benzothiazole heterocycles promising building blocks for the future construction of photodynamic chemosensors for transition metal ions

Kinetic modelling of the photochromism and metal complexation of a spiropyran dye: Application to the Co(II) – Spiroindoline-diphenyloxazolebenzopyran system

A spirobenzopyran containing 6-chloro and 8-diphenyloxazole substituents has been investigated in acetonitrile solution by nanosecond laser photolysis at room temperature. In degassed solution, a short-lived transient (5 μs) has been identified as the triplet state of the closed spiro form. The ratio between the singlet and triplet pathways of ring opening has been determined from oxygen quenching measurements. In the presence of Co(II), UV irradiation is needed to induce the complexation. The fast second order rate constant for the 1:1 complex formation has been determined. It is suggested that such kinetic parameter could be used to characterise the properties of metallochromic spiropyrans

АПОСТЕРИОРНАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ И ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ СИНДРОМА ЖИЛЬБЕРА У ДЕТЕЙ

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children.Синдром Жильбера — доброкачественная непрямая гипербилирубинемия наследственного характера, обусловленная недостаточностью фермента уридиндифосфатглюкуронилтрансферазы. Ген UGT1A1 локализован на 2q37 хромосоме. Наиболее распространенным является дефект на промоторном участке гена в области пары тимин-аденин. Обследовано 200 детей в возрасте от 8 до 16 лет, имеющих клинико-лабораторные проявления синдрома Жильбера. Всем детям проведено генетическое исследование. Высчитано, что внешние признаки, предъявляемые жалобы и лабораторные проявления имеют недостаточную чувствительность и специфичность. Это говорит о том, что данные признаки не могут быть использованы как критерии диагностики синдрома Жильбера. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать всем детям с гипербилирубинемией и подозрением на синдром Жильбера проводить генетическое исследование как приоритетное.Ключевые слова: печень, гипербилирубинемия, синдром Жильбера, ген UGT1A1, диагностика, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2011; 8 (4): 101–104