Head injury evaluation strategy for sepak takraw ball heading: a systematic review

Since Sepak Takraw was introduced in 1965 in South East Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games, the players have intensively trained the heading ball as the main movement during the game. The impacts of repetitive Takraw ball heading, however, can lead to brain traumatic injuries such as concussion, internal bleeding and dizziness. This article set out the current trend and research gap on head impact injury during sepak takraw ball heading. Guided review method using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement has identified 26 related studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. This review from 2014 to 2021 resulted in only one article has been carried out on sepak takraw ball heading head injury and 25 articles on soccer and lacrosse. Six main themes have resulted from further review of the articles in measurement strategy, type of head impact, measurement tool, output data, subject category, and head protector in sepak takraw to study the ball heading head impacts. A total of 26 sub-themes further has been produced by the six themes.Several recommendations are proposed to conduct laboratory experimental studies considering ball-to-head heading only and studying headband for concussion reduction considering both linear and angular kinematics as the head injury predictors

A simplified human head finite element model for brain injury assessment of blunt impacts

Blunt impacts contribute more than 95% of brain trauma injuries in Malaysia. Modelling and simulation of these impacts are essential in understanding the mechanics of the injuries to develop a protective equipment that might prevent brain trauma. Various finite element models of human head have been developed, ranging from two-dimensional models to very complex three-dimensional models. The aim of this study is to develop a simplified three-dimensional human head model with low computational cost, yet capable of producing reliable brain responses. The influence of different head-neck boundary conditions on the brain responses were also examined. Our model was validated against an experimental work on human cadaver. The model with free head-neck boundary condition was found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The head-neck joint was found to have a significant influence on the brain responses upon impact. Further investigations on the head-neck joint modelling are needed. Our simplified model was successfully validated against experimental data on human cadaver and could be used in simulating blunt impact scenarios

Science and technology for the socio-economic development in Africa : resource paper

Meeting: Presidential Forum, 31 Oct.-1 Nov. 1993, Gaborone, B

The Time Evolution of a Constant Mass of Air Pollutant Emitted by a Point Source

The transient behaviour of a constant mass (i.e. a blob) of pollutant released from a point source at a height, , above ground level at time  is studied. The time dependent atmospheric diffusion equation in the presence of diffusion in both horizontal and vertical directions is used to model the problem. The model is found to be governed by an initial-boundary-value problem for the concentration of the pollutant. The solution is obtained in closed form using integral transform methods. The solution is illustrated graphically using appropriate numerical integrations. As time passes, the pollutant blob moves with a central point of accumulation of pollutant while the blob increases in volume to spread the pollutant around it. The motion of the accumulation point in space and time is strongly influenced by wind and gravity while the spread of the pollutant is governed by diffusion. The time taken by the blob to diffuse into space is estimated as a function of the parameters governing wind, gravity and diffusion

Microbiological quality of white local sheep cheese in Mosul city markets

The soft white cheese is considered one of the most popular locally manufactured cheese in Iraq, a kind of traditional cheese that is mainly produced from sheep milk. It usually becomes available in the markets of Mosul between the months of February and July. To investigate the microbiological quality, 25 samples of white, soft, un-salted fresh locally produced sheep cheese were collected from the market in Mosul. These cheese samples were examined by the quantity method to determine the total viable bacterial counts (TVC) and the total counts of coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria. The minimum, maximum and average results of the aforementioned bacterial counts were 1.0x106, 1.4x103, 1.4x102 CFU g-; 2.9x108, 6.0x107, 12.6x105 CFU g- and 18.0x107, 5.8x106, 3.1x105 CFU g-1, respectively. Corresponding to the ‘International Microbiological Reference Criteria’ for cheese, it could be clear from these results that the samples were highly contaminated. Hence, it can be concluded that the sanitary conditions were inadequate either during the milk production and cheese manufacturing process or throughout their distribution in the local market. Therefore, it is recommended to comply with the public health and sanitary measures during the process of local cheese production. In consequence, it is essential to follow the annual screening of local cheese in terms of bacterial counts to determine the degree of contamination and in order to develop a national standard microbiological criteria and quality control for local cheese

Modelling soil transport by6 wind in drylands

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Biblioteca Centrale / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Two-dimensional transport of dust from an infinite line source at ground level: non-zero roughness height

SIGLEITItal

Relativistic stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering in a laser-produced plasma

SIGLEITItal

Effects of dust grain charge fluctuation on obliquely propagating dust-acoustic potential in magnetized dusty plasmas

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal