Роль экстраклеточных везикул различного происхождения в развитии преэклампсии

Pre-eclampsia is a clinically unfavorable pregnancy outcome that determines the main indicators of maternal and/or perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to modern concepts, the placenta plays a central role in the development of PE, while intercellular and intervesicular communications involving extracellular vesicles (EVs, extracellular vesicles) initiate a cascade of various biological effects, determining the mechanisms of ontogenesis of the gestational process in normal and pathological conditions. Achievements in studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs, extracellular vesicles) are of particular interest both to clinicians and to researchers studying the pathophysiology of gestational complications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in preeclampsia are produced both by scintiotrophoblast and the maternal body - blood cells (platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells) and the cardiovascular (vascular endothelium, smooth muscle) system. Changes in the concentration of these EVs can contribute to the implementation of preeclampsia, enhancing the pro-inflammatory and procoagulant states inherent in the gestation process. This review focuses on freely available information on the possible interactions between placental and maternal EVs. Understanding the contribution of EVs to the development of preeclampsia can help to deepen knowledge about the pathogenesis of this pathology and determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers.Преэклампсия это клинически неблагоприятный исход беременности, определяющий основные показатели материнской и/ или перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Согласно современным представлениям, центральная роль в развитии преэклампсии принадлежит плаценте, при этом межклеточные и межвезикулярные коммуникации с участием экстраклеточных везикул (extracellular vesicles, EVs) инициируют целый каскад различных биологических эффектов, определяя механизмы онтогенеза гестационного процесса в норме и патологии. Экстраклеточные везикулы (EVs) при преэклампсии вырабатываются как синцитиотрофобластом, так и материнским организмом клетками кровеносной (тромбоциты, эритроциты, лейкоциты) и сердечно-сосудистой (эндотелий сосудов, гладкомышечная мускулатура) систем. Изменения концентрации этих EVs в плазме крови, могут способствовать реализации преэклампсии, усиливая провоспалительные и прокоагулянтные состояния, свойственные процессу гестации. В настоящем обзоре основное внимание уделяется имеющейся в свободном доступе информации о возможных взаимодействиях между EVs плацентарного и материнского происхождения, а также о влиянии EVs различного происхождения на гемостатический баланс. Понимание вклада EVs в развитие преэклампсии может способствовать углублению знаний о ее патогенезе и определить диагностическую и прогностическую значимость экстраклеточных везикул в качестве биомаркеров

Designing method for educational environment in the system of continuous pedagogical education

The trend of development of the information and communication environment is the transfer of individual activity to the Internet: professional activities mediated by remote technologies; the development of social networks-communities, personal websites, blogs, twitters; scientific, educational, and artistic publications; viewing news, movies, concerts, meetings, etc. In this context, the dual social role of a professional teacher as a provider and, at the same time, a consumer of educational services is highlighted. Meeting the needs of the education system the teacher is able to implement innovative changes in the educational process, requires a fundamentally new technological support of innovation and expects the teachers’ knowledge of the relevant standards of innovative behavior and description of models.La tendencia de desarrollo del entorno de información y comunicación es la transferencia de la actividad individual a Internet: actividades profesionales mediadas por tecnologías remotas; el desarrollo de redes sociales: comunidades, sitios web personales, blogs, twitters; publicaciones científicas, educativas y artísticas; ver noticias, películas, conciertos, reuniones, etc. En este contexto, se destaca la doble función social de un maestro profesional como proveedor y, al mismo tiempo, un consumidor de servicios educativos. Para satisfacer las necesidades del sistema educativo, el maestro puede implementar cambios innovadores en el proceso educativo, requiere un apoyo tecnológico fundamentalmente nuevo de la innovación y espera que los maestros conozcan los estándares relevantes de comportamiento innovador y la descripción de modelos

Designing method for educational environment in the system of continuous pedagogical education [Método de diseño para el entorno educativo en el sistema de educación pedagógica continúa]

The trend of development of the information and communication environment is the transfer of individual activity to the Internet: professional activities mediated by remote technologies; the development of social networks-communities, personal websites, blogs, twitters; scientific, educational, and artistic publications; viewing news, movies, concerts, meetings, etc. In this context, the dual social role of a professional teacher as a provider and, at the same time, a consumer of educational services is highlighted. Meeting the needs of the education system the teacher is able to implement innovative changes in the educational process, requires a fundamentally new technological support of innovation and expects the teachers’ knowledge of the relevant standards of innovative behavior and description of models. © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved

THE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF THE EXTRA PREVENTION AGAINST FLU AND OTHER RESPIRATORY ACUTE VIRAL INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN AIDED BY ALFA 2B INTERFERON MEDICATION

Among many medications recommended for the treatment and prevention against flu and other respiratory acute viral infections, inteferons and interferon inducers hold a special place. New Russian recombinant alpha 2b interferon is identical to the human leukocytic alpha 2b interferon, and it has an antiviral, immunomodulatory and interferonogenic action. The work has demonstrated the application of oral liposomal medication of recombinant alpha 2b interferon — reaferones lipint for the extra prevention against flu and other respiratory acute viral infections among children. the application of this medication to prevent flu and other respiratory acute viral infections in dosage of 250 000 ме twice a week for the period of 4 weeks proved to be efficient within the group of primary school aged children (aged 7–10 year old) and manifested itself in reduction of flu and respiratory acute viral infection cases, as well as domination of light for of disease run.Key words: flu, prevention, efficiency rate, interferon