71 research outputs found
Fermi acceleration in astrophysical jets
We consider the acceleration of energetic particles by Fermi processes (i.e.,
diffusive shock acceleration, second order Fermi acceleration, and gradual
shear acceleration) in relativistic astrophysical jets, with particular
attention given to recent progress in the field of viscous shear acceleration.
We analyze the associated acceleration timescales and the resulting particle
distributions, and discuss the relevance of these processes for the
acceleration of charged particles in the jets of AGNs, GRBs and microquasars,
showing that multi-component powerlaw-type particle distributions are likely to
occur.Comment: 6 pages, one figure; based on talk at "The multimessenger approach to
unidentified gamma-ray sources", Barcelona/Spain, July 2006; accepted for
publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc
Introme accurately predicts the impact of coding and noncoding variants on gene splicing, with clinical applications
Predicting the impact of coding and noncoding variants on splicing is challenging, particularly in non-canonical splice sites, leading to missed diagnoses in patients. Existing splice prediction tools are complementary but knowing which to use for each splicing context remains difficult. Here, we describe Introme, which uses machine learning to integrate predictions from several splice detection tools, additional splicing rules, and gene architecture features to comprehensively evaluate the likelihood of a variant impacting splicing. Through extensive benchmarking across 21,000 splice-altering variants, Introme outperformed all tools (auPRC: 0.98) for the detection of clinically significant splice variants. Introme is available at https://github.com/CCICB/introme .Patricia J. Sullivan, Velimir Gayevskiy, Ryan L. Davis, Marie Wong, Chelsea Mayoh, Amali Mallawaarachchi, Yvonne Hort, Mark J. McCabe, Sarah Beecroft, Matilda R. Jackson, Peer Arts, Andrew Dubowsky, Nigel Laing, Marcel E. Dinger, Hamish S. Scott, Emily Oates, Mark Pinese, and Mark J. Cowle
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