Hydrogen production using Al-Sn alloys prepared by rapid solidification

Air pollution produced by the direct burning of fossil fuels is a serious problem. Therefore, there is a vital demand for renewable and clean fuel replacements for future energy source. Hydrogen, which exhibits high calorific value and is a clean burning product, could be the first choice in the future, as it is a good-looking fuel for fuel cells where the electric energy is directly gotten by the electrochemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen. Rapidly solidified Al100-x-Snx alloy X= (0, 25, 55, 75 all in wt.%) was prepared using melt spinning technique at 800 ºC. The structural and microstructural evolutions of the phases have been studied using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld method. Al45Sn55 alloy shows the best volume of hydrogen generation which is (531 ml), this alloy has the highest number of grains (1096) than other prepared alloys in its surface which examined through a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed using an SPM data visualization and analysis tool (Gwyddion 2.32). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used for calculating melting temperature for all prepared alloys. Melting temperature reduced from 933.47 K for Al pure to 500.95 K in Al45Sn55 alloy. Temperature dependence of resistivity had been performed for all prepared alloys. Electrical properties of prepared alloys show the decrease in volume of the unit cell V with increasing VEC, which means that the volume of the first Brillouin zone increases by increasing VEC since they are inversely proportional to each other

Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Automobile Applications

The automotive industry is one major sector that consume material such as plastic at the advanced technological level. Hence, automotive plastics are now gaining attention due to the desire for light weight and low CO2 emission from vehicles. It is therefore anticipated that polymer nanocomposites will significantly enhance the performance of current technologies for car industries due to their excellent mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties and their influence on fire retardancy. Hence, with the use of polymer nanocomposites, the encouraging outcomes in different sectors of automotive industry has resulted to new horizons in terms of advanced polymer nanocomposites for automobile applications. This chapter reviews advance polymer composites for automobile applications. Methods of fabricating polymer nanocomposites and several applications of polymer nanocomposites in automotive industries are discussed

Study of Adenosine Deaminase(ADA)Enzyme Activity of Children Patients With Kala-azar in Ameria City/AL-Anbar Governorate

A study of the Activity Adenosine Deaminase of the infected children with kala-azar in ameria City/AL-Anbar Governorate, this study is conducted on a sample of 90 male and female children (the range of them between 3 months to 8 years) in the General Ameria hospital and healthy center in AL-Ameria (the period between November 2011 to the end of May 2012) distributed in two groups: the first group includes those who are kala-azar patients (60 subjects ) while the second one includes the control group (30 subjects) , then both groups are subdivided according to four types concerning their age: the first one is less than one year; the second ranges from 1 to 2 years; the third ranges from 3 to 4 years; the fourth includes those who are more than five years. The findings of the study show a significant increase in the activity of (ADA) in the serum of the infected children compared to control group at the probability level (p < 0.05) concerning effect of sex variable on the activity of (ADA), the study shows no significant difference between male and female infected children at the probability level (p < 0.05). As regarded age variable on the activity of (ADA), the study shows significant difference between the different types of infected children at probability level (p < 0.05). It also shows positive correlation relationship between (ADA) Enzyme and weight of the infected children at the probability level (p < 0.05 )