7 research outputs found
Implications of the expansionary monetary policy for the maize and beef sectors of South Africa
TESTING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN FUTURES MARKET FOR WHITE MAIZE
Cointegration analysis is used to test whether the South African futures market for white maize
was efficient (futures prices predict spot (cash) prices that reflect all publicly available
information) in 1997 and 1998. Tests are also conducted to assess whether or not white maize
futures prices are unbiased predictors of future spot prices (for effective price discovery). There
was no long-run relationship between white maize futures and spot prices for 1997, but there is
evidence of a long-run relationship between these price series in 1998. Furthermore, the 1998
futures price was an unbiased predictor of future spot prices for both the annual and three-month
contract. This could be evidence of a market learning process and a progression towards
efficiency, which has seen a marked increase in market liquidity (contract volumes traded) since
late 1996
USE OF MAIZE MARKETING ALTERNATIVES AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT TOOLS BY COMMERCIAL MAIZE FARMERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
The demise of the Maize Board in South Africa in 1997 placed responsibility for maize
marketing in the hands of individual producers. Given the inelastic nature of maize supply
and demand, these farmers now face considerable price risk. In the absence of the Maize
Board, price risk management mechanisms have evolved to serve maize farmers. Results of a
postal survey of commercial maize producers in 1998 indicate that maize farmers are making
increased use of the forward contracting market relative to the spot market. The percentage of
respondents using SAFEX increased markedly over a three-year period, the hedging ratio
rising from 27 percent in 1997/98 to reach 49 percent for 1998/99 and 1999/2000. Survey
respondents were divided into lower- and higher- level users of price risk management tools,
based on their scores for an index of price risk management. Higher-level users tended to
operate larger farms, and be younger, less experienced, but more educated, computeradopting
operators who were less likely to individually own their operations. Farmers
perceived their marketing management skills to be relatively weak. Maize marketing
education seminars and magazine articles explaining available marketing alternatives could
increase farmers’ use of price risk management tools. Further research opportunities lie in the
estimation of optimal hedging ratios in a South African context and the monitoring of
farmers’ marketing activities as the maize market matures
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Factors influencing the use of alternative land cultivation technologies in Swaziland: implications for smallholder farming on customary Swazi nation land
Poor land preparation and late planting are among the factors responsible for the decline in food production on customary Swazi Nation Land (SNL). While efforts are being made to develop an improved national land cultivation programme, this process can be helped by identifying factors that influence farmers to use alternative technologies for land cultivation. Using cross-section data collected in 2009 from a random sample of 210 farmers in Komati, three land cultivation technologies were identified; (i) use of tractors; (ii) use of draught animals; and (iii) use of hand hoes. For a country like Swaziland where human health problems, particularly HIV/AIDS, make manual labour a scarce resource, the use of tractors is regarded as a modern technology that can achieve time and labour savings. The empirical evidence from this study indicates that the use of tractors is significantly influenced by household wealth and size of arable land used by households. However, given that land holdings on customary land are
generally small, sparsely distributed and often fragmented, tractor hire service providers face relatively high overhead and transaction costs. Furthermore, investment in mechanised farming by individual SNL households is constrained by the lack of secure tenure. Given these challenges, this study makes recommendations for creating an enabling environment that could promote the adoption of improved land cultivation methods by smallholders on customary SNL.
An Examination of the Relationships Between Farmland Values, Agricultural Commodity Prices, and Land Reform Issues in South Africa
An approach to the management of orchards that are vulnerable to attack by invasive species
Discrete time Markov chain, Invasive species, Orchard management, Tree replacement, Q24, C44,