18 research outputs found
Charting the Landscape of Modified Gravity
We explore brane induced gravity on a 3-brane in six locally flat dimensions.
To regulate the short distance singularities in the brane core, we resolve the
thin brane by a cylindrical 4-brane, with the geometry of 4D Minkowski
a circle, which has an axion flux to cancel the vacuum pressure in the compact
direction. We discover a large diversity of possible solutions controlled by
the axion flux, as governed by its boundary conditions. Hence brane induced
gravity models really give rise to a {\it landscape} of vacua, at least
semiclassically. For sub-critical tensions, the crossover scale, below which
gravity may look 4D, and the effective 4D gravitational coupling are sensitive
to vacuum energy. This shows how the vacuum energy problem manifests in brane
induced gravity: instead of tuning the 4D curvature, generically one must tune
the crossover scale. On the other hand, in the near-critical limit, branes live
inside very deep throats which efficiently compactify the angular dimension. In
there, 4D gravity first changes to , and only later to . The crossover
scale saturates at the gravitational see-saw scale, independent of the tension.
Using the fields of static loops on a wrapped brane, we check the perturbative
description of long range gravity below the crossover scale. In sub-critical
cases the scalars are strongly coupled already at the crossover scale even in
the vacuum, because the brane bending is turned on by the axion flux. Near the
critical limit, linearized perturbation theory remains under control below the
crossover scale, and we find that linearized gravity around the vacuum looks
like a scalar-tensor theory.Comment: 47 LaTeX pages, 3 .eps figures, typos fixed to match the published
versio
Mutation of a single residue, β-glutamate-20, alters protein–lipid interactions of light harvesting complex II
It is well established that assembly of the peripheral antenna complex, LH2, is required for proper photosynthetic membrane biogenesis in the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The underlying interactions are, as yet, not understood. Here we examined the relationship between the morphology of the photosynthetic membrane and the lipid–protein interactions at the LH2–lipid interface. The non-bilayer lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, is shown to be highly enriched in the boundary lipid phase of LH2. Sequence alignments indicate a putative lipid binding site, which includes β-glutamate-20 and the adjacent carotenoid end group. Replacement of β-glutamate-20 with alanine results in significant reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine and concomitant raise in phosphatidylcholine in the boundary lipid phase of LH2 without altering the lipid composition of the bulk phase. The morphology of the LH2 housing membrane is, however, unaffected by the amino acid replacement. In contrast, simultaneous modification of glutamate-20 and exchange of the carotenoid sphaeroidenone with neurosporene results in significant enlargement of the vesicular membrane invaginations. These findings suggest that the LH2 complex, specifically β-glutamate-20 and the carotenoids' polar head group, contribute to the shaping of the photosynthetic membrane by specific interactions with surrounding lipid molecules
Climate change and political discourse: analysis of energy efficiency and conservation block grants in Dallas-Fort Worth
Reperfusion Without Functional Independence in Late Presentation of Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion.
Reperfusion without functional independence (RFI) is an undesired outcome following thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. The primary objective was to evaluate, in patients presenting with proximal anterior circulation occlusion stroke in the extended time window, whether selection with computed tomography (CT) perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging is associated with RFI, mortality, or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) compared with noncontrast CT selected patients.
The CLEAR study (CT for Late Endovascular Reperfusion) was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy in the extended time window. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6, internal carotid artery, M1 or M2 segment occlusion, prestroke modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, time-last-seen-well to treatment 6 to 24 hours, and successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2c-3).
Of 2304 patients in the CLEAR study, 715 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 364 patients (50.9%) showed RFI (ie, mRS score of 3-6 at 90 days despite successful reperfusion), 37 patients (5.2%) suffered sICH, and 127 patients (17.8%) died within 90 days. Neither imaging selection modality for thrombectomy candidacy (noncontrast CT versus CT perfusion versus magnetic resonance imaging) was associated with RFI, sICH, or mortality. Older age, higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, higher prestroke disability, transfer to a comprehensive stroke center, and a longer interval to puncture were associated with RFI. The presence of M2 occlusion and higher baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were inversely associated with RFI. Hypertension was associated with sICH.
RFI is a frequent phenomenon in the extended time window. Neither magnetic resonance imaging nor CT perfusion selection for mechanical thrombectomy was associated with RFI, sICH, and mortality compared to noncontrast CT selection alone.
URL: https://www.
gov; Unique identifier: NCT04096248