Kondenzirani pirimidini. II dio: Sinteza i antimikrobna aktivnost nekih furo[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pirimidina i furo[2,3-d]pirimidina

2-Amino-4,5-diphenylfuran-3-carbonitrile (2) reacted with N-[bis(methylthio)methylene]glycine ethyl ester (1) to afford a double cyclized product 5-methylthio-8,9-diphenylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo [1,2-c]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (3). Compound 2 also reacts with benzonitrile to give 4-amino- 2,5,6-triphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4). Treatment of 2 with HCONH2, under reflux, afforded 4-amino-5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5) which was then allowed to react with chloroacetaldehyde to give 8,9-diphenylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine (6). Reaction of 2 with HCOOH gave 5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (7) which was then converted to its tosyl derivative (8). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 2–8 was tested.2-Amino-4,5-difenilfuran-3-karbonitril (2) u reakciji s etilnim esterom N-[bis(metiltio)metilen]glicina (1) daje produkt dvostruke ciklizacije – 5-metiltio-8,9-difenilfuro[3,2-e]imidazol[1,2-c]pirimidin-2(3H)-on (3). Također, u reakciji s benzonitrilom spoj 2 daje 4-amino-2,5,6-trifenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin (4). Grijanjem spoja 2 s HCONH2 dobiven je 4-amino-5,6-difenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin (5), koji reakcijom s kloracetaldehidom daje 8,9- difenilfuro[2,3-d]imidazo[1,2-c]pirimidin (6). Reakcijom 2 s HCOOH dobiven je 5,6-difenilfuro[2,3-d]pirimidin- 4(3H)-on (7), koji je preveden u tozilat (8). Spojevima 2-8 ispitana je antimikrobna aktivnost

Monotone Grid Drawings of Planar Graphs

A monotone drawing of a planar graph $G$ is a planar straight-line drawing of $G$ where a monotone path exists between every pair of vertices of $G$ in some direction. Recently monotone drawings of planar graphs have been proposed as a new standard for visualizing graphs. A monotone drawing of a planar graph is a monotone grid drawing if every vertex in the drawing is drawn on a grid point. In this paper we study monotone grid drawings of planar graphs in a variable embedding setting. We show that every connected planar graph of $n$ vertices has a monotone grid drawing on a grid of size $O(n)\times O(n^2)$, and such a drawing can be found in O(n) time

Augmenting Marine Food Production Through Fisheries Management and Mariculture

There is new aspiration of sustainable exploitation of marine resources and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG 14) in recent years. In this context, this document delineates new scope of venturing into the blue economy relative to marine fisheries and mariculture. Potential interventions in marine fisheries include – (i) expansion of the commercial fishing area (beyond the 80 m depth) for harvesting high value fish species (such as tuna, lakkha), (ii) exploration for new fishing grounds and fisheries, (iii) value addition and reducing post-harvest losses, and (iv) assessment of fisheries stocks for estimation of potential yields and optimum sizes of harvest. Food production through mariculture mostly relies on – (i) domestication of new species (such as finfish: seabass, mullet, hilsa, grouper; crustaceans: mud crab; plants: seaweeds) for product diversification and risk reduction towards economic stability, (ii) production intensification (such as semi-intensive farming) and adoption of innovative fish/shellfish farming (such as marine cage culture, aquasilviculture, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) to create new business opportunities, and (iii) live feeds (such as rotifers, artemia biomass) production for hatchery for sustaining the mariculture industry. Nevertheless, investments, knowledge, innovations, new technologies, new breeds and newly domesticated mariculture species can promise a blue revolution in Bangladesh

B(E2) value of even-even 108-112Pd isotopes by interacting boson model-1*

This work studies the systematic reduced transition probabilities B(E2), intrinsic quadrupole moments and deformation parameters of Pd isotopes with even neutrons from N= 62 to 66. The downward reduced transition probabilities B(E2) from gamma transition 8+ to 6+, 6+ to 4+, 4+ to 2+ and 2+ to 0+ states of even-even 108-112Pd isotopes were calculated by the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) and compared with the available previous experimental results. The ratio of the excitation energies of the first 4+ and the first 2+ excited states, R4/2, is also studied for the classification of symmetry of these nuclei. Furthermore we have studied systematically the transition rate R of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in comparison with the available experimental data. The associated quadrupole moments and deformation parameters have been calculated. The results of this calculation are in good agreement with the corresponding available experimental data. The 108-112Pd isotopes show the O(6) symmetry

Environmental Impacts of Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry of Sitakunda, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Ship dismantling of Bangladesh is a reason of concern due to its economic values and environmental hazards. This study focuses on the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry (SBRI) of Bangladesh to assess the environmental impacts. It was done by analyzing the water quality parameters like, Turbidity, Salinity, Electric conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Temperature, Ammonia-Nitrogen, Nitrate–Nitrogen, Phosphate concentrations of inside and surroundings of Ship Breaking Yard. Turbidity ranged from 7.71 to 119 FTU in and 4.07 to 41.74 FTU in inside and outside the ship breaking yard, respectively. Salinity ranged from 0.95 to 14.28 ppt and 0.06 to 0.79 ppt in insde and outside, respectively. Value of EC varied from1.75 to 1280 µs/cm in inside and 0.21 to 15.7 µs/cm in outside, DO ranged from 3.77 to 7.94 mg/l in inside and 1.95 to 5.34 mg/l in outside. TDS value ranged from1280 to 15340 mg/l in inside and 74 to 825 mg/l in outside of ship breaking yard. Ammonia-N value ranged from 0.46 to 7.046 mg/l, Nitrate-N value ranged from 0.10 to 6.9 mg/l and Phosphate value ranged from 0.175 to 4.75 mg/l in the analyzed water sample. Magnitude of environmental alteration by establishment of ship breaking industry was assessed by quantifying Environmental impact value of Study area and the value was found as -93, where ecological parameters value was found -72, Physico-chemical parameters value was -70 and human interest value was found +49 which indicate negative alteration on environment

Microleakage of composite resin restorations in cervical cavities prepared by Er,Cr: YSGG laser radiation

Background: Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new methods for surface preparation and new adhesive restorative materials. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess microleakage at the margins of composite restorations in Er,Cr:YSGG laser prepared cavities on the cervical aspects of teeth by means of dye penetration, and compare this with conventionally prepared and conditioned cavities. Methods: Class V cavities were produced on sound extracted human teeth, which had been assigned randomly to one of three groups (N = 10 each), as follows: Group 1 – prepared using a diamond cylindrical bur and then treated with 37% phosphoric acid; Group 2 – irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase Waterlase) and then treated with 37% phosphoric acid; Group 3 – irradiated only with the laser. After application of bonding agent (Excite, Ivoclar Vivadent), all cavities were restored with composite resin (Heliomolar). After polishing the restorations, the teeth were thermocycled from 5–50°C for 500 cycles. Dye leakage was assessed after immersion in methylene blue, by examining longitudinal sections in a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. Results: The extent of dye penetration was lowest in the laser only group (Group 3). Penetration of dye to dentine and axial walls occurred in 80 per cent of conventionally prepared (bur + acid) specimens, but in the laser group, dye penetration to the axial wall occurred in only 30 per cent of cases. There was a strong statistical association between treatment group and the distribution of microleakage scores (Chi-square, P = 0.0023). Conclusions: For Class V cavities, with the adhesive materials employed, higher microleakage occurs with phosphoric acid etching of bur- or laser-cut surfaces, than with the surface created by use of the laser alone without additional conditioning