13,597 research outputs found
Viscous dissipative effects in isotropic brane cosmology
We consider the dynamics of a viscous cosmological fluid in the generalized
Randall-Sundrum model for an isotropic brane. To describe the dissipative
effects we use the Israel-Hiscock-Stewart full causal thermodynamic theory. In
the limiting case of a stiff cosmological fluid with pressure equal to the
energy density, the general solution of the field equations can be obtained in
an exact parametric form for a cosmological fluid with constant bulk viscosity
and with a bulk viscosity coefficient proportional to the square root of the
energy density, respectively. The obtained solutions describe generally
non-inflationary brane worlds, starting from a singular state. During this
phase of evolution the comoving entropy of the Universe is an increasing
function of time, and thus a large amount of entropy is created in the brane
world due to viscous dissipative processes.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
U-Spin Tests of the Standard Model and New Physics
Within the standard model, a relation involving branching ratios and direct
CP asymmetries holds for the B-decay pairs that are related by U-spin. The
violation of this relation indicates new physics (NP). In this paper, we assume
that the NP affects only the Delta S = 1 decays, and show that the NP operators
are generally the same as those appearing in B -> pi K decays. The fit to the
latest B -> pi K data shows that only one NP operator is sizeable. As a
consequence, the relation is expected to be violated for only one decay pair:
Bd -> K0 pi0 and Bs -> Kbar0 pi0.Comment: 12 pages, latex, no figures. References changed to follow MPL
guidelines; info added about U-spin breaking and small NP strong phases;
discussion added about final-state pi-K rescattering; analysis and
conclusions unaltere
Rotational Perturbations of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Type Brane-World Cosmological Models
First order rotational perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric
are considered in the framework of the brane-world cosmological models. A
rotation equation, relating the perturbations of the metric tensor to the
angular velocity of the matter on the brane is derived under the assumption of
slow rotation. The mathematical structure of the rotation equation imposes
strong restrictions on the temporal and spatial dependence of the brane matter
angular velocity. The study of the integrable cases of the rotation equation
leads to three distinct models, which are considered in detail. As a general
result we find that, similarly to the general relativistic case, the rotational
perturbations decay due to the expansion of the matter on the brane. One of the
obtained consistency conditions leads to a particular, purely inflationary
brane-world cosmological model, with the cosmological fluid obeying a
non-linear barotropic equation of state.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, REVTEX
Spin Information from Vector-Meson Decay in Photoproduction
For the photoproduction of vector mesons, all single and double spin
observables involving vector meson two-body decays are defined consistently in
the center of mass. These definitions yield a procedure for
extracting physically meaningful single and double spin observables that are
subject to known rules concerning their angle and energy evolution. As part of
this analysis, we show that measuring the two-meson decay of a photoproduced
or does not determine the vector meson's vector polarization, but
only its tensor polarization. The vector meson decay into lepton pairs is also
insensitive to the vector meson's vector polarization, unless one measures the
spin of one of the leptons. Similar results are found for all double spin
observables which involve observation of vector meson decay. To access the
vector meson's vector polarization, one therefore needs to either measure the
spin of the decay leptons, make an analysis of the background interference
effects or relate the vector meson's vector polarization to other accessible
spin observables.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure
Zero differential resistance in two-dimensional electron systems at large filling factors
We report on a state characterized by a zero differential resistance observed
in very high Landau levels of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system.
Emerging from a minimum of Hall field-induced resistance oscillations at low
temperatures, this state exists over a continuous range of magnetic fields
extending well below the onset of the Shubnikov-de Haas effect. The minimum
current required to support this state is largely independent on the magnetic
field, while the maximum current increases with the magnetic field tracing the
onset of inter-Landau level scattering
Our Parents, Ourselves: Health Care for an Aging Population; A Report of the Dartmouth Atlas Project
The new Dartmouth Atlas, funded by The John A. Hartford Foundation, is a report card that analyzes Medicare data to show us where the United States is making progress in patient-centered, evidence-based care for Medicare beneficiaries and where improvement is still needed. It also offers insight into regional variations in care.Filling in the gaps in our knowledge about the state of care across the country will help health care providers, health systems, and patients and families work together to improve care for all older adults.This Dartmouth Atlas report looks at a number of measures from Medicare data, including:The number of days older adults spend in contact with the health care system;Use of high-risk medications;Cancer screening rates (and how they compare with recommendations);30-day hospital readmission rates;Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) rates;Late hospice referral; andThe number of days spent in intensive care.The report also offers a historical look at key practices, comparing data from 2003-05 and 2012
Remarks on Form Factor Bounds
Improved model independent upper bounds on the weak transition form factors
are derived using inclusive sum rules. Comparison of the new bounds with the
old ones is made for the form factors h_{A_1} and h_V in B -> D* decays.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, title changed and typos corrected for journal
publicatio
ISO LWS Spectra of T Tauri and Herbig AeBe stars
We present an analysis of ISO-LWS spectra of eight T Tauri and Herbig AeBe young stellar objects.
Some of the objects are in the embedded phase of star-formation, whereas others have cleared their environs
but are still surrounded by a circumstellar disk. Fine-structure lines of [OI] and [CII] are most likely excited by
far-ultraviolet photons in the circumstellar environment rather than high-velocity outflows, based on comparisons
of observed line strengths with predictions of photon-dominated and shock chemistry models. A subset of our
stars and their ISO spectra are adequately explained by models constructed by Chiang & Goldreich (1997) and
Chiang et al. (2001) of isolated, passively heated, flared circumstellar disks. For these sources, the bulk of the
LWS flux at wavelengths longward of 55 µm arises from the disk interior which is heated diffusively by reprocessed
radiation from the disk surface. At 45 µm, water ice emission bands appear in spectra of two of the coolest stars,
and are thought to arise from icy grains irradiated by central starlight in optically thin disk surface layers
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