Transition from partial to full depletion in advanced SOI MOSFETs: Impact of channel length and temperature

International audienc

Impact of process-induced strain in very short SOI PMOSFETs

International audienc

Characterization and Control of Supercapacitors Bank for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Energy

AbstractIn this paper, a simple scheme of the supercapacitor based on (RC) circuit is modeled and characterized using experimental methods. Then, computer simulations and experimental results showed very good agreement which demonstrates the accuracy of the adopted model. An example of hybrid photovoltaic/supercapacitor stand-alone system is considered in this paper. Dynamic model of photovoltaic system component is developed and validated with experimental results. In addition, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for photovoltaic and the supercapacitor state of charge (SOC) control are also addressed in this work. Based on the dynamic component models, a simulation model for the considered hybrid energy system has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show the primary role of the supercapacitor when the load changes rapidly

Characterization of filamentous fungi isolated from Moroccan olive and olive cake : toxinogenic potential of Aspergillus strains

During the 2003 and 2004 olive oil production campaigns in Morocco, 136 samples from spoiled olive and olive cake were analyzed and 285 strains were isolated in pure culture. Strains included 167 mesophilic strains belonging to ten genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Mucor, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Acremonium, Humicola, Ulocladium as well as 118 thermophilic strains isolated in 2003 and 2004, mainly belonging to six species: Aspergillus fumigatus, Paecilomyces variotii, Mucorpusillus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Humicola grisea, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Penicillium and Aspergillus, respectively, 32.3 and 26.9% of total isolates represented the majority of mesophilic fungi isolated. When considering total strains (including thermotolerant strains) Aspergillus were the predominant strains isolated; follow-up studies on mycotoxins therefore focused primarily on aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from the latter strains. All isolated Aspergillus flavus strains (9) and Aspergillus niger strains (36) were studied in order to evaluate their capacity to produce AFs and OTA, respectively, when grown on starch-based culture media. Seven of the nine tested A. flavus strains isolated from olive and olive cake produced AF B1 at concentrations between 48 and 95 mu g/kg of dry rice weight. As for the A. niger strains, 27 of the 36 strains produced OTA

Lutte contre la rage en Afrique: du constat à l’action

International audienceAs a follow-up to the first AfroREB (Africa Rabies Expert Bureau) meeting, held in Grand-Bassam (Côte-d'Ivoire) in March 2008, African rabies experts of the Afro-REB network met a second time to complete the evaluation of the rabies situation in Africa and define specific action plans. About forty French speaking rabies specialists from Northern, Western and Central Africa and Madagascar met in Dakar (Senegal), from March 16th to 19th, 2009. With the participation of delegates from Tunisia, who joined the AfroREB network this year, 15 French speaking African countries were represented. Experts from the Institut Pasteur in Paris, the Alliance for Rabies Control, and the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group (SEARG, a network of rabies experts from 19 English speaking Southern and Eastern African countries) were in attendance, to participate in the discussion and share their experiences. AfroREB members documented 146 known human rabies cases in all represented countries combined for 2008, for a total population of 209.3 million, or an incidence of 0.07 cases per 100,000 people. Even admitting that the experts do not have access to all reported cases, this is far from the WHO estimation of 2 rabies deaths per 100,000 people in urban areas and 3.6 per 100,000 in rural Africa. It was unanimously agreed that the priority is to break the vicious cycle of indifference and lack of information which is the main barrier to human rabies prevention.Le Bureau des experts de la rage du continent africain (AfroREB) s’est réuni pour la seconde fois, en mars 2009, pour poursuivre leur évaluation de la situation de la rage en Afrique et définir des plans d’action. Une quarantaine d’éminents spécialistes de la rage venant de 15 pays d’Afrique francophone se sont retrouvés à Dakar avec des représentants de l’Institut Pasteur de Paris, du réseau anglophone SEARG (groupe de spécialistes de la rage d’Afrique australe et orientale) et de l’Alliance mondiale contre la rage. En Afrique, de nombreux cas de rage ne sont ni identifiés ni rapportés. Alors que l’OMS estime à 25 000 le nombre de décès annuels dus à la rage sur ce continent (2 à 3,6 décès pour 100 000 habitants), les membres d’AfroREB ont comptabilisé, en tout et pour tout, en 2008, 146 cas pour leurs 15 pays, soit 0,07 cas pour 100 000 habitants. La priorité est de briser le cercle vicieux de l’indifférence et du manque d’information, afin de pouvoir lutter contre la rage humaine

The Middle East and Eastern Europe rabies Expert Bureau (MEEREB) third meeting: Lyon-France (7–8 April, 2015)

MEEREB is an inter-regional network of countries from North Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia that work together with the aim of improving rabies control and prevention at local, regional and global level. MEEREB members met for the third time in 2015 in France (Lyon) to review the current rabies situation within the network and to discuss the way forward the prospect of a One Health approach against rabies. Dogs were the main vector of transmission in all MEEREB countries except for Croatia and Serbia where foxes represented the primary source. The number of rabies animal cases reported in 2014 varied substantially between countries with Ukraine reporting the highest number of animal cases. Human cases still occur in North Africa and all Middle East and Eurasian countries while no cases of human rabies were reported in Croatia, Serbia and Romania, although cases of rabies were identified in both dogs and foxes in 2014. Participants concluded that MEEREB can act as a think-tank where countries can share data, information, experiences and best practices to jointly address challenges in rabies control and prevention. They called for elimination of dog-transmitted rabies through vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin stockpiles and implementation of a One Health approach to achieve rabies’s eradication. Keywords: MEEREB, Rabies, Epidemiology, Repor