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Impact of phenolic-rich olive leaf extract on blood pressure, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers: a randomised controlled trial
Purpose
Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to favourably modify a number of cardiovascular risk markers such as blood pressure (BP), endothelial function and plasma lipids. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effects of a phenolic-rich olive leaf extract (OLE) on BP and a number of associated vascular and metabolic measures.
Methods
A total of 60 pre-hypertensive [systolic blood pressure (SBP): 121â140 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 81â90 mmHg] males [mean age 45 (±SD 12.7 years, BMI 26.7 (±3.21) kg/m2] consumed either OLE (136 mg oleuropein; 6 mg hydroxytyrosol) or a polyphenol-free control daily for 6 weeks before switching to the alternate arm after a 4-week washout.
Results
Daytime [â3.95 (±SD 11.48) mmHg, p = 0.027] and 24-h SBP [â3.33 (±SD 10.81) mmHg, p = 0.045] and daytime and 24-h DBP [â3.00 (±SD 8.54) mmHg, p = 0.025; â2.42 (±SD 7.61) mmHg, p = 0.039] were all significantly lower following OLE intake, relative to the control. Reductions in plasma total cholesterol [â0.32 (±SD 0.70) mmol/L, p = 0.002], LDL cholesterol [â0.19 (±SD 0.56) mmol/L, p = 0.017] and triglycerides [â0.18 (±SD 0.48), p = 0.008] were also induced by OLE compared to control, whilst a reduction in interleukin-8 [â0.63 (±SD 1.13) pg/ml; p = 0.026] was also detected. Other markers of inflammation, vascular function and glucose metabolism were not affected.
Conclusion
Our data support previous research, suggesting that OLE intake engenders hypotensive and lipid-lowering effects in vivo
Avaliação do armazenamento a frio sobre os compostos bioativos e as caracterĂsticas fĂsico-quĂmicas e microbiolĂłgicas do suco de umbu pasteurizado
Changes in Total and Individual Crocetin Esters upon in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Saffron Aqueous Extracts
Changes that may be expected in crocetin
esters (crocins) upon
digestion were examined in saffron aqueous extracts for the first
time. Chemical characterization of total and individual crocins and
other bioactive compounds was achieved by UVâvis spectrophotometry,
RP-HPLC-DAD, and LC-ESI-MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using
in vitro assays and the comet assay. The observed loss for both total
and <i>trans</i>-crocins was higher in saffron (âŒ50%)
than in gardenia extracts (âŒ30%), which were also examined
for comparison. Loss was lower than that reported for hydrophobic
carotenoids. <i>cis</i>-Isomers were less affected, leading
to the hypothesis that <i>trans</i>/<i>cis</i> isomerization may occur in parallel to degradation reactions. Monitoring
changes in the extracts at oral, gastric, or intestinal phases, separately,
verified this view pointing out the critical effect of pH, temperature,
and duration of process but not of digestive enzymes. No isomerization
and less degradation (<20% loss) was evidenced when pure <i>trans</i>-crocetin (di-ÎČ-d-gentiobiosyl) ester
was subjected to gastric or intestinal conditions
Cellular Transport and Bioactivity of a Major Saffron Apocarotenoid, Picrocrocin (4-(ÎČâdâGlucopyranosyloxy)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde)
The cellular transport and bioactivity
of the second major saffron
apocarotenoid, picrocrocin, was examined in parallel to that of the
major group, crocetin sugar esters, in aqueous extracts. The transport
of pure picrocrocin was investigated in comparison to that of other
saffron apocarotenoids, <i>trans</i>-crocetin (di-ÎČ-d-gentiobiosyl) ester and crocetin using the Caco-2 cell model
coupled with an in vitro digestion procedure. RP-HPLC-DAD was employed
to quantify the bioaccessible and bioavailable amounts of individual
apocarotenoids. Picrocrocin and crocetin sugar esters though highly
bioaccessible (75% and 60%, respectively) were transported at minute
quantities (0.2% and 0.5%, respectively; 10-fold lower than crocetin).
Picrocrocin did not protect against oxidant-induced DNA damage in
U937, human monocytic blood cells at the concentration investigated,
however, it reduced the proliferation of human adenocarcinoma and
hepatocarcinoma cells. Our findings may be useful for the requirements
of food legislation regarding saffron preparations, in which both
apocarotenoid groups coexist
Comparison of Prooxidant-antioxidant Balance Method with Crocin Method for Determination of total Prooxidant-antioxidant Capacity
Objective(s)Comparison of prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) assay with crocin assay.Materials and MethodsTwenty eight serum samples were chosen, PAB and the total antioxidant capacity were measured by PABassay and crocin, respectively, and the correlation of both assays, along with their correlation with otherclinical and biochemical parameters, were determined.ResultsA significant negative correlation was established between PAB assay and crocin assay. Also a significantnegative correlation was established between PAB and uric acid and creatinine.ConclusionThe results showed that by increasing the total antioxidant capacity, which is showed by crocin, the PABshifts in favor of antioxidants, which is showed by PAB assay. Now, it could be considered that the PAB,along with other risk factors, might help in the prediction of the risk for cardiovascular events; and furtherresearch could clarify whether by application of PAB assay and appropriate interventions for correctingoxidative stress, progression of the cardiovascular disease could be reduced.Keywords: Crocin, Oxidative stress, Prooxidant-antioxidant balance assa